Chapter 10 & 11- Blood & Circulation

Question 1

Basophils

Answer 1

A type of white blood cell (leukocyte) with coarse, bluish-black granules of uniform size within the cytoplasm.

Question 2

Eosinophils

Answer 2

Disease fighting white blood cell

Question 3

Fibrin

Answer 3

an insoluble protein formed from fibrinogen during the clotting of blood. It forms a fibrous mesh that impedes the flow of blood.

Question 4

Hemoglobin

Answer 4

a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates

Question 5

Lymphocytes

Answer 5

Small white blood cells that play a large role in the body’s immune system

Question 6

Neutrophils

Answer 6

A type of white blood cell, a granulocyte that is filled with microscopic granules, little sacs containing enzymes that digest microorganisms.

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

An irregular disc shaped element in blood that helps with blood-clotting

Question 8

Thromboplastin

Answer 8

a complex enzyme that is found in brain, lung, and other tissues and especially in blood platelets and that functions in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the clotting of blood—called also thrombokinase.

Question 9

Anemia

Answer 9

a condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or of hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor and weariness.

Question 10

Coagulation

Answer 10

: to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass : curdle, clot.

Question 11

Erythrocytes

Answer 11

A cell that contains hemoglobin and can carry oxygen to the body. Also called a red blood cell (RBC). The reddish color is due to the hemoglobin.

Question 12

Formed elements

Answer 12

one of the red blood cells, white blood cells, or blood platelets as contrasted with the fluid portion of the blood.

Question 13

Leukocyte

Answer 13

white cell, white blood cell; a colorless blood corpuscle capable of ameboid movement.

Question 14

Monocytes

Answer 14

are a type of white blood cells (leukocytes). They are the largest of all leukocytes. They are part of the innate immune system of vertebrates including all mammals (humans included), birds, reptiles, and fish.

Question 15

Plasma

Answer 15

The liquid part of blood or lymph. Blood plasma is mainly water; it also contains gases, nutrients, and hormones. The red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all suspended in the plasma of the blood.

Question 16

Prothrombin

Answer 16

a protein present in blood plasma that is converted into active thrombin during coagulation.

Question 17

Agglutination

Answer 17

occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody called isoagglutinin.

Question 18

Artierole

Answer 18

a small branch of an artery leading into capillaries.

Question 19

Artery

Answer 19

any of the muscular-walled tubes forming part of the circulation system by which blood (mainly that which has been oxygenated) is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.

Question 20

Atrioventricular valve

Answer 20

a valve between an atrium and ventricle of the heart : auriculoventricular valve.

Question 21

Atrium

Answer 21

each of the two upper cavities of the heart from which blood is passed to the ventricles. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the veins of the body; the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

Question 22

Capillary

Answer 22

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

Question 23

Cardiac cycle

Answer 23

complete heartbeat from its generation to the beginning of the next beat.

Question 24

Cardiac output

Answer 24

is equal to the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped from a ventricle in a single heartbeat) times the heart rate

Question 25

Diastolic pressure

Answer 25

is specifically the minimum arterial pressure during relaxation and dilatation of the ventricles of the heart when the ventricles fill with blood.

Question 26

Myocardium

Answer 26

the muscular tissue of the heart.

Question 27

Pericardium

Answer 27

the membrane enclosing the heart, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner double layer of serous membrane.

Question 28

Peripheral resistance

Answer 28

s the total resistance opposing blood flow in the systemic circulation.

Question 29

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 29

is the portion of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs, and returns oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood back to the heart.

Question 30

Pulse

Answer 30

a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck.

Question 31

Purkinje fibers

Answer 31

are a unique cardiac end-organ.

Question 32

SA node

Answer 32

heart’s natural pacemaker.

Question 33

Semilunar valve

Answer 33

each of a pair of valves in the heart, at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery, consisting of three cusps or flaps that prevent the flow of blood back into the heart.

Question 34

Systemic circulation

Answer 34

is the part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 35

Systolic pressure

Answer 35

is typically the first number recorded. For example, with a blood pressure of 120/80 (“120 over 80”), the systolic pressure is 120. By “120” is meant 120 mm Hg (millimeters of mercury).

Question 36

Vein

Answer 36

any of the tubes forming part of the blood circulation system of the body, carrying in most cases oxygen-depleted blood toward the heart.

Question 37

Ventricles

Answer 37

a hollow part or cavity in an organ, in particular.