Chapter 2 & 3

Question 0

ATP

Answer 0

In the body, when chemical energy of foods is trapped in the bonds of high energy chemicals.

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

That substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions, proton acceptor; compare with acid.

Question 3

Carbohydrate

Answer 3

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Also includes starches, sugars, and cellulose.

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

A substance formed by living cells that act as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body.

Question 5

Lipid

Answer 5

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.

Question 6

Nucleic Acid

Answer 6

Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA.

Question 7

pH

Answer 7

Hydrogen ion concentration; measure of relative acidity or alkalinity of a structure.

Question 8

Protein

Answer 8

A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building materials of cells.

Question 9

Nucleus

Answer 9

The control center of the cell.

Question 10

Nuclear Membrane

Answer 10

One of the membranes around the nucleus

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

DNA combined with protein to form a loose network of bumpy threads.

Question 12

Chromosomes

Answer 12

A condensed chromatin, rod-like structure.

Question 13

Microvilli

Answer 13

Tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface.

Question 14

Cytoplasm

Answer 14

The cellular material outside the nucleus amd inside the plasma membrane.

Question 15

Cytosol

Answer 15

Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements.

Question 16

Mitochondria

Answer 16

Small, sausage-like organelles, in living cells they squirm, lengthen and shape continuously.

Question 17

Ribosomes

Answer 17

Tiny, bilobed bodies made of proteins and one variety of RNA called ribosomal RNA.

Question 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 18

System of fluid-filled cisterns (tubules, or canals) that coil and twist through cytoplasm.

Question 19

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 19

Appears as a stack of flattened membranous sacs, associated with swarms of tiny vesicles.

Question 20

Lysomes

Answer 20

Membranous bags that contain a powerful digestive enzyme.

Question 21

Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Elaborate network of protein structures that shapes and supports other organelles and provides the machinery or cellular movements.

Question 22

Centrioles

Answer 22

Rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other and lie close to the nucleus.

Question 23

Template

Answer 23

The structure of a cell.

Question 24

Gene

Answer 24

A DNA segment that carries the information for building one protein chain.

Question 25

Anticodon

Answer 25

The opposite of a codon.

Question 26

Epithelial

Answer 26

The lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.

Question 27

Glands

Answer 27

One or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.

Question 28

Extracellular matrix

Answer 28

Produced by the connective tissue cells and secreted to the exterior. 2 elements: a structureless ground substance and fibers.

Question 29

Tendons

Answer 29

Attach skeletal muscles to bones.

Question 30

Ligaments

Answer 30

Attach bones to bones at joints.