Chapter 2 & 3 Flashcards
ATP
In the body, when chemical energy of foods is trapped in the bonds of high energy chemicals.
Acid
That substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution
Base
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions, proton acceptor; compare with acid.
Carbohydrate
Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Also includes starches, sugars, and cellulose.
Enzyme
A substance formed by living cells that act as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body.
Lipid
Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples are fats and cholesterol.
Nucleic Acid
Class of organic molecules that includes DNA and RNA.
pH
Hydrogen ion concentration; measure of relative acidity or alkalinity of a structure.
Protein
A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building materials of cells.
Nucleus
The control center of the cell.
Nuclear Membrane
One of the membranes around the nucleus
Chromatin
DNA combined with protein to form a loose network of bumpy threads.
Chromosomes
A condensed chromatin, rod-like structure.
Microvilli
Tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane that project from an exposed cell surface.
Cytoplasm
The cellular material outside the nucleus amd inside the plasma membrane.
Cytosol
Semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements.
Mitochondria
Small, sausage-like organelles, in living cells they squirm, lengthen and shape continuously.
Ribosomes
Tiny, bilobed bodies made of proteins and one variety of RNA called ribosomal RNA.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
System of fluid-filled cisterns (tubules, or canals) that coil and twist through cytoplasm.
Golgi Apparatus
Appears as a stack of flattened membranous sacs, associated with swarms of tiny vesicles.
Lysomes
Membranous bags that contain a powerful digestive enzyme.
Cytoskeleton
Elaborate network of protein structures that shapes and supports other organelles and provides the machinery or cellular movements.
Centrioles
Rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other and lie close to the nucleus.
Template
The structure of a cell.
Gene
A DNA segment that carries the information for building one protein chain.
Anticodon
The opposite of a codon.
Epithelial
The lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body.
Glands
One or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.
Extracellular matrix
Produced by the connective tissue cells and secreted to the exterior. 2 elements: a structureless ground substance and fibers.
Tendons
Attach skeletal muscles to bones.
Ligaments
Attach bones to bones at joints.
