Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider > Chapter 5: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Ducts formed from division of the respiratory bronchioles in the lower airway; each duct ends in clusters known as alveoli

A

Alveolar Ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tiny sacs of lung tissue in which gas exchange takes place

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lies between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the alveolus and blood vessels occurs. Also known as the pulmonary capillary membrane

A

Alveolocapillary Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of asbestos particles

A

Asbestosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A chronic inflammatory lower airway condition resulting in intermittent wheezing and excess mucus production

A

Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ions related to carbonic acid; they are formed from carbon dioxide transport mechanisms

A

Bicarbonate Ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A disease of the lung caused by consistent inhalation of coal dust

A

Black Lung Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arteries that branch off the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood

A

Bronchial Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs

A

Bronchial Veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fine subdivisions of the bronchi that give rise to the alveolar ducts; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medication that is designed to improve lung function by widening the bronchial tubes

A

Bronchodialator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Severe constriction of the bronchial tree

A

Bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The bonding of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

An enzyme in red blood cells that speeds reaction of carbon dioxide and water, resulting in carbonic acid

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A ridgelike projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi

A

Carina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is associated with excess mucus production that results from overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways

A

Chronic Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A progressive and irreversible disease of the airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three bony ridges contained within the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

A

Conchae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by distension of the alveoli and destructive changes in lung parenchyma

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A leaf-shaped cartilaginous structure that closes over the trachea during swelling

A

Epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A collapsible tube that extends form the pharynx to the stomach; contractions of the muscle in the wall of it propel food and liquids to the stomach

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Exhalation

A

Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Supplemental air; additional air that is expelled from the lungs due to forced exhalation

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The external openings to the nasal cavity; also called the nostrils

A

External Nares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The volume of air exhaled from the lung following a forceful exhalation

A

Forced Expiratory Vital Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume

A

Functional Residual Capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The vocal cords and the opening between them

A

Glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The floor of the nasal cavity

A

Hard Palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The iron-containing protein in red blood cells

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The point of entry for the bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Deep, rapid breathing; it lowers blood carbon dioxide levels

A

Hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Inhalation

A

Inspiration

35
Q

Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

A

Inspiratory Capacity

36
Q

Additional air that enters the lungs due to forced inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

37
Q

The posterior opening from the nasopharynx into the pharynx

A

Interior Nares

38
Q

A complete structure formed by the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage; the voice box

A

Larynx

39
Q

A small portion of the left lung that is the equivalent to the middle lobe of the right lung

A

Lingula

40
Q

The two primary organs of breathing

A

Lungs

41
Q

The part of the lower airway below the larynx through which air enters the lungs

A

Mainstem Bronchi

42
Q

A passage located below each turbinate

A

Meatus

43
Q

The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups in the medulla oblongata as well as the respiratory group of the pons

A

Medullary Respiratory Center

44
Q

The rigid partition composed of bone and cartilage that separates the right and left nostrils

A

Nasal Septum

45
Q

The passage through which tears drain from the lacrimal sacs into the nasal cavity

A

Nasolacrimal Ducts

46
Q

The nasal cavity (the portion of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth); formed by the union of the facial bones

A

Nasopharynx

47
Q

A tubular structure that forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, extending vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea

A

Oropharynx

48
Q

The combination of oxygen that diffuses into the blood and the hemoglobin molecule

A

Oxyhemoglobin

49
Q

The membrane that lines the walls of the pleural cavity

A

Parietal Pleura

50
Q

The amount of pressure each gas contributes to diffusion

A

Partial Pressure

51
Q

A measurement of the percentage of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)

52
Q

A measurement of the percentage of oxygen in the blood

A

Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)

53
Q

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution

A

pH

54
Q

The cavity lying posterior to the mouth, connecting to the esophagus; the throat

A

Pharynx

55
Q

The serious membranes covering the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space

A

Pleura

56
Q

The cavity formed by the inner borders of the rib cage and the diaphragm

A

Pleural Cavity

57
Q

The potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura; it is described as “potential” because under normal conditions, the space does not exist

A

Pleural Space

58
Q

A decrease in the blood pH secondary to insufficient exhalation of CO2

A

Primary Respiratory Acidosis

59
Q

An increase in the blood pH secondary to excessive exhalation of CO2

A

Primary Respiratory Alkalosis

60
Q

The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximal expiration

A

Residual Volume

61
Q

Parts of the brain that control inspiration and expiration

A

Respiratory Areas

62
Q

Structures formed by the final branching of the bronchioles

A

Respiratory Bronchioles

63
Q

The four capacities created by the combination of two or more of the respiratory volumes

A

Respiratory Capacities

64
Q

One cycle of inspiration followed by expiration

A

Respiratory Cycle

65
Q

Layers of an alveolus that separate air from blood in a capillary; it is where blood and alveolar air exchange gases. Also known as the pulmonary capillary membrane or the alveolar capillary membrane

A

Respiratory Membrane

66
Q

All of the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, including the upper and lower airways and their component parts

A

Respiratory System

67
Q

Four distinct volumes involved in respiration: tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume

A

Respiratory Volumes

68
Q

The volume that leaves during a normal, resting expiration (about 500mL)

A

Resting Tidal Volume

69
Q

Diseases that limit the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately

A

Restrictive Lung Disease

70
Q

Airway passages in the lungs that are formed from the division of the right and left mainstem bronchi

A

Secondary Bronchi

71
Q

A device used in pulmonary function testing that measures air entering and leaving the lungs over a specific period of time

A

Spirometer

72
Q

An effect that makes it difficult for the alveoli to inflate; it is caused by attraction of water molecules

A

Surface Tension

73
Q

A mixture of lipids and proteins synthesized to reduce the tendency of alveolar collapse and to ease alveolar inflation

A

Surfactant

74
Q

Airway passages in the lungs that are formed from branching of the secondary bronchi

A

Tertiary Bronchi

75
Q

A measure of the depth of breathing; the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a single respiratory cycle

A

Tidal Volume

76
Q

Vital capacity plus residual volume

A

Total Lung Capacity

77
Q

The conduit for all entry into the lungs; a tubular structure that is approximately 10 to 12 cm long and composed of a series of C-shaped cartilaginous rings; also called the windpipe

A

Trachea

78
Q

The inferior portion of the vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound

A

True Vocal Cords

79
Q

A set of bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help to maintain smooth airflow

A

Turbinates

80
Q

A soft-tissue structure that resembles a punching bag; located in the posterior aspect of the oral cavity, at the base of the tongue

A

Uvula

81
Q

The process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment; includes inhalation and exhalation

A

Ventilation

82
Q

The superior portion of the vocal cords; also called the false vocal cords

A

Vestibular Folds

83
Q

The pleural membrane that covers the lungs

A

Visceral Pleura

84
Q

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation

A

Vital Capacity

Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions