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Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider > Chapter 5: The Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Ducts formed from division of the respiratory bronchioles in the lower airway; each duct ends in clusters known as alveoli

A

Alveolar Ducts

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2
Q

Tiny sacs of lung tissue in which gas exchange takes place

A

Alveoli

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3
Q

A very thin membrane, consisting of only one cell layer, that lies between the alveolus and capillary, through which respiratory exchange between the alveolus and blood vessels occurs. Also known as the pulmonary capillary membrane

A

Alveolocapillary Membrane

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4
Q

A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of asbestos particles

A

Asbestosis

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5
Q

A chronic inflammatory lower airway condition resulting in intermittent wheezing and excess mucus production

A

Asthma

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6
Q

Ions related to carbonic acid; they are formed from carbon dioxide transport mechanisms

A

Bicarbonate Ions

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7
Q

A disease of the lung caused by consistent inhalation of coal dust

A

Black Lung Disease

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8
Q

Arteries that branch off the thoracic aorta and supply the lung tissues with blood

A

Bronchial Arteries

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9
Q

Veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs

A

Bronchial Veins

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10
Q

Fine subdivisions of the bronchi that give rise to the alveolar ducts; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli

A

Bronchioles

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11
Q

Medication that is designed to improve lung function by widening the bronchial tubes

A

Bronchodialator

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12
Q

Severe constriction of the bronchial tree

A

Bronchospasm

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13
Q

The bonding of carbon dioxide with hemoglobin

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

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14
Q

An enzyme in red blood cells that speeds reaction of carbon dioxide and water, resulting in carbonic acid

A

Carbonic Anhydrase

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15
Q

A ridgelike projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi

A

Carina

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16
Q

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the bronchi that is associated with excess mucus production that results from overgrowth of the mucous glands in the airways

A

Chronic Bronchitis

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17
Q

A progressive and irreversible disease of the airway marked by decreased inspiratory and expiratory capacity of the lungs

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

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18
Q

Three bony ridges contained within the lateral walls of the nasopharynx

A

Conchae

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19
Q

The process in which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

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20
Q

The infiltration of any tissue by air or gas; a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by distension of the alveoli and destructive changes in lung parenchyma

A

Emphysema

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21
Q

A leaf-shaped cartilaginous structure that closes over the trachea during swelling

A

Epiglottis

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22
Q

A collapsible tube that extends form the pharynx to the stomach; contractions of the muscle in the wall of it propel food and liquids to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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23
Q

Exhalation

A

Expiration

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24
Q

Supplemental air; additional air that is expelled from the lungs due to forced exhalation

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

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25
The external openings to the nasal cavity; also called the nostrils
External Nares
26
The volume of air exhaled from the lung following a forceful exhalation
Forced Expiratory Vital Capacity
27
Expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume
Functional Residual Capacity
28
The vocal cords and the opening between them
Glottis
29
The floor of the nasal cavity
Hard Palate
30
The iron-containing protein in red blood cells
Hemoglobin
31
The point of entry for the bronchi, vessels, and nerves into each lung
Hilum
32
Deep, rapid breathing; it lowers blood carbon dioxide levels
Hyperventilation
33
A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues
Hypoxia
34
Inhalation
Inspiration
35
Tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory Capacity
36
Additional air that enters the lungs due to forced inspiration
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
37
The posterior opening from the nasopharynx into the pharynx
Interior Nares
38
A complete structure formed by the epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, corniculate cartilage, and cuneiform cartilage; the voice box
Larynx
39
A small portion of the left lung that is the equivalent to the middle lobe of the right lung
Lingula
40
The two primary organs of breathing
Lungs
41
The part of the lower airway below the larynx through which air enters the lungs
Mainstem Bronchi
42
A passage located below each turbinate
Meatus
43
The dorsal and ventral respiratory groups in the medulla oblongata as well as the respiratory group of the pons
Medullary Respiratory Center
44
The rigid partition composed of bone and cartilage that separates the right and left nostrils
Nasal Septum
45
The passage through which tears drain from the lacrimal sacs into the nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal Ducts
46
The nasal cavity (the portion of the pharynx that lies above the level of the roof of the mouth); formed by the union of the facial bones
Nasopharynx
47
A tubular structure that forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity, extending vertically from the back of the mouth to the esophagus and trachea
Oropharynx
48
The combination of oxygen that diffuses into the blood and the hemoglobin molecule
Oxyhemoglobin
49
The membrane that lines the walls of the pleural cavity
Parietal Pleura
50
The amount of pressure each gas contributes to diffusion
Partial Pressure
51
A measurement of the percentage of carbon dioxide in the blood
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)
52
A measurement of the percentage of oxygen in the blood
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
53
The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
pH
54
The cavity lying posterior to the mouth, connecting to the esophagus; the throat
Pharynx
55
The serious membranes covering the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity, completely enclosing a potential space known as the pleural space
Pleura
56
The cavity formed by the inner borders of the rib cage and the diaphragm
Pleural Cavity
57
The potential space between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura; it is described as "potential" because under normal conditions, the space does not exist
Pleural Space
58
A decrease in the blood pH secondary to insufficient exhalation of CO2
Primary Respiratory Acidosis
59
An increase in the blood pH secondary to excessive exhalation of CO2
Primary Respiratory Alkalosis
60
The volume of air remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximal expiration
Residual Volume
61
Parts of the brain that control inspiration and expiration
Respiratory Areas
62
Structures formed by the final branching of the bronchioles
Respiratory Bronchioles
63
The four capacities created by the combination of two or more of the respiratory volumes
Respiratory Capacities
64
One cycle of inspiration followed by expiration
Respiratory Cycle
65
Layers of an alveolus that separate air from blood in a capillary; it is where blood and alveolar air exchange gases. Also known as the pulmonary capillary membrane or the alveolar capillary membrane
Respiratory Membrane
66
All of the structures of the body that contribute to the process of breathing, including the upper and lower airways and their component parts
Respiratory System
67
Four distinct volumes involved in respiration: tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume
Respiratory Volumes
68
The volume that leaves during a normal, resting expiration (about 500mL)
Resting Tidal Volume
69
Diseases that limit the ability of the lungs to expand appropriately
Restrictive Lung Disease
70
Airway passages in the lungs that are formed from the division of the right and left mainstem bronchi
Secondary Bronchi
71
A device used in pulmonary function testing that measures air entering and leaving the lungs over a specific period of time
Spirometer
72
An effect that makes it difficult for the alveoli to inflate; it is caused by attraction of water molecules
Surface Tension
73
A mixture of lipids and proteins synthesized to reduce the tendency of alveolar collapse and to ease alveolar inflation
Surfactant
74
Airway passages in the lungs that are formed from branching of the secondary bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
75
A measure of the depth of breathing; the volume of air that is inhaled or exhaled during a single respiratory cycle
Tidal Volume
76
Vital capacity plus residual volume
Total Lung Capacity
77
The conduit for all entry into the lungs; a tubular structure that is approximately 10 to 12 cm long and composed of a series of C-shaped cartilaginous rings; also called the windpipe
Trachea
78
The inferior portion of the vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound
True Vocal Cords
79
A set of bony convolutions formed by the conchae in the nasopharynx that help to maintain smooth airflow
Turbinates
80
A soft-tissue structure that resembles a punching bag; located in the posterior aspect of the oral cavity, at the base of the tongue
Uvula
81
The process of exchanging air between the lungs and the environment; includes inhalation and exhalation
Ventilation
82
The superior portion of the vocal cords; also called the false vocal cords
Vestibular Folds
83
The pleural membrane that covers the lungs
Visceral Pleura
84
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and exhalation
Vital Capacity

Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider (6 decks)

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