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Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider > Chapter 3: The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 3: The Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

The tip of the shoulder and the site of attachment for both the clavicle and shoulder musculature

A

Acromion Process

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2
Q

The ridges between the teeth, which are covered with thickened connective tissue and epithelium; also called alveolar ridges

A

Alveolar Arch

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3
Q

The ring of fibrous and fibrocartilaginous tissue that is part of the intervertebral disk

A

Anulus Fibrosus

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4
Q

The portion of the skeletal system that comprises the arms, legs, pelvis, and shoulder girdle

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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5
Q

The formation of new bone on the surface of a bone

A

Appositional Growth

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6
Q

The first cervical vertebra (C1), which provides support for the head

A

Atlas

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7
Q

Bruising over the mastoid process, usually from a basilar skull fracture

A

Battle Sign

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8
Q

Specialized tissue found within bone that manufactures most erythrocytes

A

Bone Marrow

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9
Q

Grinding together of the upper and lower teeth

A

Bruxism

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10
Q

A ballooning of an intervertebral disk without frank herniation

A

Bulging Disk

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11
Q

Small fluid-filled sacs located between a tendon and a bone to help lubricate two surfaces that are rubbing against each other

A

Bursae

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12
Q

The heel bone

A

Calcaneus

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13
Q

The zone of repair in which a mass exudates and connective tissue forms around a break in a bone and converts to bone during healing

A

Callus

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14
Q

A minute canal in a bone

A

Canaliculi

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15
Q

Bone that is made up of a lacy network of bony rods called trabeculae

A

Cancellous Bone

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16
Q

Compression of the median nerve within the carpal canal of the wrist

A

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

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17
Q

The bones of the wrist; they include the scaphoid, lunate, triquentrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate bones

A

Carpals

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18
Q

The support structure of the skeletal system that provides cushioning between bones; also forms the nasal septum and portions of the outer ear

A

Cartilage

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19
Q

The most serious disk rupture that occurs when nuclear material protrudes straight back into the spinal canal, potentially compressing neurologic elements and causing neurologic injury

A

Central Disk Herniation

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20
Q

Fluid produced in the ventricles of the brain that flows in the subarachnoid space and bathes the meninges

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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21
Q

The seven smallest vertebrae, found in the neck

A

Cervical Vertebrae

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22
Q

Cells that produce cartilage

A

Chondroblasts

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23
Q

The collarbone; it is lateral to the sternum and anterior to the scapula

A

Clavicle

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24
Q

A fracture in which the bone ends have not been exposed by a break through the skin

A

Closed Fracture

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25
Q

The tailbone

A

Coccyx

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26
Q

Bone that is mostly solid, with few spaces

A

Compact Bone

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27
Q

A fracture of a vertebral body associated with collapse of the body

A

Compression Fracture

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28
Q

The point where the parietal bones join together with the frontal bone

A

Coronal Suture

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29
Q

Inflammation of the costal cartilage, which attaches the ribs to the sternum

A

Costochondritis

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30
Q

The bones that encase and protect the brain, including the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

A

Cranium

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31
Q

A brinding sound or sensation

A

Crepitus

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32
Q

Horizontal bones perforated with numerous foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerve filaments from the nasal cavity

A

Cribriform Plates

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33
Q

A prominent bony ridge in the center of the anterior fossa to which the meninges are attached

A

Crista Galli

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34
Q

A progressive form of arthritis that causes deterioration of the intervertebral disk

A

Degenerative Disk Disease

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35
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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36
Q

A fracture in which bone fragments are separated from one another and are not in anatomic alignment

A

Displaced Fracture

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37
Q

A state of abnormally small bones

A

Dwarfism

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38
Q

The growth of cartilage in the physis (epiphyseal plate) which is eventually replaced by bone

A

Endochondral Growth

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39
Q

A layer that lines the inner surfaces of bone

A

endosteum

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40
Q

An inflammation of the muscles of the elbow joint; more commonly known as tennis elbow

A

Epicondylitis

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41
Q

The growth plate of a long bone

A

Epiphyses

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42
Q

The main supporting structure of the nasal cavities; it also forms part of the eye orbits

A

Ethmoid Bone

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43
Q

An opening in the temporal bone that contains the ear canal

A

External Acoustic Meatus

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44
Q

The maxillae, zygomatic bones, nasal bones, vomer, inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, and mandible

A

Facial Skeleton

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45
Q

The thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones in the body

A

Femur

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46
Q

Cells that secrete proteins and collagen to form connective tissue between broken bone ends and at other sites of injury throughout the body

A

Fibroblasts

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47
Q

The long bone on the lateral aspect of the lower leg

A

Fibula

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48
Q

Types of bone that are relatively thing and flattened

A

Flat Bones

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49
Q

The large opening at the bottom of the skull through which the brain connects with the spinal cord

A

Foramen Magnum

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50
Q

Small openings, perforations, or orifices in the bones of the cranial vault

A

Foramina

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51
Q

A break in the continuity of a bone

A

Fracture

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52
Q

The bone that forms the forehead and part of the roof of the nasal cavity

A

Frontal Bone

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53
Q

A state of bony overgrowth

A

Gigantism

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54
Q

The bony belts that attach the extremities to the axial skeleton

A

Girdles

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55
Q

The part of the scapula that forms the socket in the ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder

A

Glenoid Fossa

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56
Q

Units of compact bone consisting of a tube (haversian canal) with the laminae of bone that surrounds them

A

Haversian Systems

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57
Q

A tear in the anulus fibrosus that results in leakage of the nucleus pulposus, most commonly against exiting nerve roots

A

Herniated Disk

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58
Q

The supporting bone of the upper arm

A

Humerus

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59
Q

A mineral compound containing calcium and phosphate that, along with collagen, comprises the structural element of bone

A

Hydroxyapatite

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60
Q

The bone that supports the tongue and its muscles

A

Hyoid Bone

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61
Q

What three bones fuse to form the pelvic ring

A

Illium
Ischium
Pubis

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62
Q

Scroll-shaped bones attached to the lateral nasal cavity walls that support the mucous membranes

A

Inferior Nasal Conchae

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63
Q

A mass of fibrocartilage between each vertebral body of the spine, composed of the anulus fibrosus and the nucleus pulposus

A

Intervertebral Disk

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64
Q

The opening between each vertebra through which the spinal (peripheral) nerves pass from the spinal cord

A

Intervertebral Foramina

65
Q

What three bones fuse to form the pelvic ring

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

66
Q

The point where two or more bones come together, allowing movement to occur

A

Joint

67
Q

Outward curve of the thoracic spine

A

Kyphosis

68
Q

Bones that make up part of the eye orbits and contain the tear sacs

A

Lacrimal Bones

69
Q

The point where the occipital bones attach to the parietal bones

A

Lambdoid Suture

70
Q

Thin sheets or layers into which bone tissue is organized

A

Lamellae

71
Q

An enlargement of the distal end of the fibula, which forms the lateral wall of the ankle joint

A

Lateral Malleolus

72
Q

Bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones to bones; they support and strengthen a joint

A

Ligaments

73
Q

Type of bone that is longer than it is wide

A

Long Bones

74
Q

Inward curve of the lumbar spine just above the buttocks; an exaggerated form of lordosis results in the condition known as swayback

A

Lordosis

75
Q

The femurs, tibias, fibulas, patellae, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

A

Lower Limbs

76
Q

The five vertebrae of the lower back

A

Lumbar Vertebrae

77
Q

The bone of the lower jaw; the only movable bone in the face

A

Mandible

78
Q

A prominent bony mass at the base of the skull behind the ear

A

Mastoid Process

79
Q

The bones that make up the upper jaw

A

Maxillae

80
Q

The distal end of the tibia, which forms the medial side of the ankle joint

A

Medial Malleolus

81
Q

The internal cavity of the diaphysis of a long bone that contains bone marrow

A

Medullary Cavity

82
Q

The three layers of membranes, the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, that surround the brain

A

Meninges

83
Q

Shock-absorbing fibrocartilage pads within some synovial joints

A

Menisci

84
Q

The bones of the palms of the hand

A

Metacarpals

85
Q

The area of a long bone where the diaphysis and epiphysis converge; where the physis (epiphyseal plate) is located

A

Metaphysis

86
Q

The bones on the soles of the feet; they form the foot arches

A

Metatarsals

87
Q

The thin, delicate bones that join to form the bridge of the nose

A

Nasal Bones

88
Q

The chamber inside the nose that lies between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth

A

Nasal Cavity

89
Q

The rigid partition composed of bone and cartilage that separates the right and left nostrils

A

Nasal Septum

90
Q

A fractured bone that has not moved from its normal position

A

Nondisplaced Fracture

91
Q

The gelatinous mass that makes up the center of each intervertebral disk

A

Nucleus Pulposus

92
Q

A fracture that forms an angle to the shaft of the bone

A

Oblique Fracture

93
Q

The bone that forms the back and base of the cranium

A

Occipital Bone

94
Q

Articular surface on the occipital bone where the skull articulates with the atlas on the vertebral column

A

Occipital Condyles

95
Q

A fracture in which a bone end has penetrated the skin; also called a compound fracture

A

Open Fracture

96
Q

Bony cavities in the frontal skull that enclose and protect the eyes

A

Orbits

97
Q

The three small bones in the middle ear: the malleus, incus, and stapes

A

Ossicles

98
Q

The formation of bone by osteoblasts

A

Ossification

99
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

100
Q

Large, multinucleated cells that dissolve bone tissue and play a major role in bone remodeling

A

Osteoclasts

101
Q

An osteoblast that becomes surrounded by bony matrix; a mature bone cell

A

Osteocyte

102
Q

A genetic bone disease that results in fragile bones

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

103
Q

An abnormal softening of bones because of a loss of calcium

A

Osteomalacia

104
Q

Inflammation of the bone and muscle caused by infection

A

Osteomyelitis

105
Q

Units within a compact bone in which blood vessels are located; also called the haversian system

A

Osteons

106
Q

A reduction in the quantity of bony tissue

A

Osteoporosis

107
Q

Irregularly shaped bones found in the posterior part of the nasal cavity

A

Palatine Bones

108
Q

The sinuses, or hollowed sections of bone in the front of the head, that are lined with muscous membrane and drain into the nasal cavity; the frontal and maxillary sinuses

A

Paranasal Sinuses

109
Q

Bones that form the upper sides and roof of the cranium

A

Parietal Bones

110
Q

The kneecap

A

Patella

111
Q

The scalpulae and clavicles

A

Pectoral Girdle

112
Q

The feet of each vertebra in the vertebral arch

A

Pedicles

113
Q

The hip bones

A

Pelvic Girdle

114
Q

The attachment of the lower extremities to the body, consisting of the sacrum and the two pelvic bones

A

Pelvis

115
Q

a double layer of connective tissue that lines the outer surface of the bone

A

Periosteum

116
Q

The small bones of the digits of the fingers and toes

A

Phalanges

117
Q

The major site of bone elongation, located at each end of a long bone between the epiphysis and metaphysis; also called the growth plate

A

Physis

118
Q

An endocrine gland, located in the sella turcica of the brain, responsible for directly or indirectly affecting all bodily functions

A

Pituitary Gland

119
Q

An irritation of the tough band of connective tissue extending from the calcaneus to the metatarsal head of each toe

A

Plantar Fascitis

120
Q

An angle formed by the anterior portion of the hip bone (pubis)

A

Pubic Arch

121
Q

What three bones fuse to form the pelvic ring

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

122
Q

The shorter, lateral bone of the forearm

A

Radius

123
Q

The 12 pairs of bones that primarily make up the thoracic cage, connecting posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

A

Ribs

124
Q

A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets

125
Q

One of the three bones (sacrum and two pelvic bones) that make up the pelvic ring; consists of five fused sacral vertebrae

A

Sacrum

126
Q

Two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to each other so that complementary surfaces articulate with each other, such as is the case with the thumb

A

Saddle Joint

127
Q

The point of the skull where the parietal bones join together

A

Sagittal Suture

128
Q

The triangular-shaped bone that comprises the shoulder blade, which is an integral component of the shoulder girdle

A

Scapula

129
Q

Sideways curvature of the spine

A

Scoliosis

130
Q

A depression in the middle of the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

A

Sella Turcica

131
Q

Types of bone that are as broad as they are long

A

Short Bones

132
Q

A ball-and-socket joint consisting of the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa

A

Shoulder Joint

133
Q

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

A

Sinusitis

134
Q

The structure at the top of the axial skeleton that houses the brain and consists of the 28 bones that comprise the auditory ossicles, the cranium, and the face

A

Skull

135
Q

The anterior portion of the base of the cranium

A

Sphenoid Bone

136
Q

The breastbone in the center of the anterior chest

A

Sternum

137
Q

Attachment points in the skull where the cranial bones join together

A

Sutures

138
Q

The small amount of liquid within a joint used as lubrication

A

Synovial Fluid

139
Q

A bone that articulates with the tibia, calcaneus, and navicular bones to form the lower part of the ankle joint

A

Talus

140
Q

The bones of the ankles; they include the medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, navicular, cuboid, talus, and calcaneus

A

Tarsals

141
Q

Bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium

A

Temporal Bones

142
Q

the joint between the temporal bone and the posterior condyle of the mandible that allows for movements of the jaw

A

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

143
Q

Fiberous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones

A

Tendons

144
Q

The ribs, thoracic vertebrae, and sternum

A

Thoracic Cage

145
Q

The 12 vertebrae located in the center of the vertebral column that (mostly) connect with the ribs

A

Thoracic Vertebrae

146
Q

The shin bone; the larger of the two bones of the lower leg

A

Tibia

147
Q

The perception of sound in the inner ear with no external environmental cause; often reported as “ringing” in the ears, but may be roaring, buzzing, or clicking

A

Tinnitus

148
Q

Bony rods that make up a lacy network of cancellous bones and are oriented to increase weight-bearing capacity of long bones

A

Trabeculae

149
Q

Involuntary contraction of the mouth resulting in clenched teeth; occurs during seizures and head injuries

A

Trismus

150
Q

The longer, medial bone of the forearm

A

Ulna

151
Q

The humerus bones, radius bones, ulna bones, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

A

Upper Limbs

152
Q

The posterior portion of a vertebra, which contains the bony processes, facets, and pedicles

A

Vertebral Arch

153
Q

The spine, or primary support structure of the body, which houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves

A

Vertebral Column

154
Q

A hole through which spinal nerves pass from the spinal cord

A

Vertebral Foramen

155
Q

The flat bone making up the lower posterior nasal septum

A

Vomer Bone

156
Q

Also known as the malar bones; they form the prominence of each cheek

A

Zygomatic Bones

157
Q

The depression on the lateral pelvis where its three component bones join, articulates with the femoral head

A

Acetabulum

158
Q

The point at which the clavicle attaches to the acromion process

A

Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint

159
Q

An injury caused by distraction of the clavicle away from the acromion process of the scapula

A

Acromioclavicular (AC) Seperation

Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider (6 decks)

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