Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider > Chapter 2: Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

A method used to move compounds across a cell membrane to create or maintain and imbalance of charges, usually against a concentration gradient and requiring the expenditure of energy

A

Active Transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The major source of energy for all chemical reactions of the body

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A type of connective tissue that contains large amounts of fat

A

Adipose (Fat) Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The anterior surface at the bend of the elbow

A

Antecubital Fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The area of the neck that is bordered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the anterior midline of the neck, and the inferior border of the mandible

A

Anterior Triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A division of the skeletal system that includes the extremities and their attachments to the body

A

Appendicular Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A division of the skeletal system that includes the head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial Region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The armpit

A

Axilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Components of the nerve cell that conduct impulses to adjacent cells

A

Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The noncellular layer in an epithelial cell that anchors the overlying epithelial tissues

A

Basement Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hollow areas within the body that contain organs and organ systems

A

Body Cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Striated involuntary muscle that has the capacity to generate and conduct electrical impulses

A

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Area of the anterior triangle of the neck that contains the carotid artery and internal jugular vein

A

Carotid Triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The cell wall; a selectively permeable layer of cells that surrounds intracellular contents and controls movement of substances into and out of the cell

A

Cell Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The basic building blocks of life, made up of protoplasm (cytoplasm); specialized for particular functions

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organelles that are essential in cell division

A

Centrioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Structures containing DNA within the cell’s nucleus; human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes

A

Chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The hair-like microtubule projections on the surface of a cell that can move materials over the cell surface

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rows of tall, thin epithelial cells

A

Columnar Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The natural tendency for substances to flow from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, within or outside the cell

A

Concentration Gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The hollow portion of the skull

A

Cranial Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Shrinkage of a cell that results when too much water leaves the cell through osmosis

A

Crenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rows of square-shaped epithelial cells

A

Cuboidal Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The gel-like material inside a cell. It makes up most of the cell’s volume, and suspends the cell’s organelles; also called protoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The clear liquid portion of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Components of the neurons that receive impulses from the axon and contain vesicles for release of neurotransmitters

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The genetic material found on the chromosomes in the cell’s nucleus

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Disturbances in cardiac rhythm

A

Dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Salt or acid substances that become ionic conductors when dissolved in a solvent (ie, water); chemicals dissolved in the blood

A

Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Negatively charged particles that revolve around the nucleus of an atom

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The uptake of material through the cell membrane by a membrane-bound droplet or vesicle formed within the cell’s protoplasm

A

Endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A series of membranes in which proteins and fats are manufactured

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The release of secretions from cells that have been accumulated in vesicles

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Substances located outside of the cell membrane

A

Extracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Fluid outside of the cell, in which most of the body’s supply of sodium is contained

A

Extracellular Fluid (ECF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The process whereby a carrier molecule moves substances in or out of cells from areas of higher to lower concentration

A

Facilitated Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Tail-like microtubule structures capable of motion to propel the cell

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Areas in the infant’s skull where the sutures between the skull bones have not yet closed

A

Fontanelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bony structures that attach the limbs to the body (hip and shoulder)

A

Girdles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

A set of membranes in the protoplasm involved in the formation of sugars and complex proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

An abnormal accumulation of bloody fluid within the pleural space following trauma

A

Hemothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

An excessive amount of potassium in the blood

A

Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

A serum sodium level greater than 145 mEq/L

A

Hypernatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

A diabetic emergency that occurs from a relative insulin deficiency, resulting in hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, and an absence of significant ketosis

A

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma (HHNC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Abnormally low blood glucose level

A

Hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

A low concentration of potassium in the blood

A

Hypoalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

A serum sodium level that is less than 135 mEq/L

A

Hyponatremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A dangerous condition in which the supply of oxygen to the tissues is reduced

A

Hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Skin, the covering of the body surface

A

Integument

51
Q

Substances, such as the organelles that are found inside the cell membrane

A

Intracellular

52
Q

Fluid within cells in which most of the body’s supply of potassium is contained

A

Intracellular Fluid (ICF)

53
Q

Protein-lined pores or transport channels, specifically sized for each substance, which allow electrolyte movements among the cells

A

Ion Channels

54
Q

The process of disintegration or breakdown of cells that occurs when excess water enters the cell through osmosis

A

Lysis

55
Q

Membrane-bound vesicles that contain a variety of enzymes functioning as a cell’s digestive system

A

Lysosomes

56
Q

The space between the lungs, in the center of the chest, that contains the heart, trachea, mainstem bronchi, part of the esophagus, and large blood vessels

A

Mediastinum

57
Q

A specialized form of cell division that results in the production of mature sperm and ova

A

Meiosis

58
Q

Hollow filamentous structures that make up various components of the cell

A

Microtubules

59
Q

Small, rod-like organelles that function as the metabolic center of the cell and produce adenosine triophosphate (ATP)

A

Mitrochondria

60
Q

The division of chromosomes in a cell nucleus

A

Mitosis

61
Q

Neurons and neuroglia

A

Nervous Tissues

62
Q

Collectively, the name for the connective and supporting tissues of the nervous tissue

A

Neuroglia

63
Q

The main functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neurons

64
Q

Uncharged or “neutral” particles in the nucleus of an atom

A

Neutrons

65
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Nonstriated

66
Q

The membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell

A

Nuclear Envelope

67
Q

Rounded, dense structures in the protoplasm that contain RNA and synthesize proteins

A

Nucleoli

68
Q

The nerver center, or central body, of the cell, enbedded within the protoplasm

A

Nucleus

69
Q

A group of organs that have a common purpose, such as the skeleton and muscles

A

Organ System

70
Q

Any individual living thing; made up various organ systems

A

Organism

71
Q

Different types of tissues working together to perform a particular function

A

Organs

72
Q

The movement of a solvent, such as water, from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration through a selectively permeable membrane to equalize concentrations of a solute on both sides of the membrane

A

Osmosis

73
Q

The measure of the tendency of water to move by osmosis across a membrane

A

Osmotic Pressure

74
Q

The portion of the serous membrane that lines the walls of the trunk cavities

A

Parietal Portion

75
Q

The region around the heart

A

Pericardial Cavity

76
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid within the paricardial sac

A

Pericardial Effusion

77
Q

The lubricated potential space between the layers of the pericardium

A

Pericardial Sac

78
Q

A condition that occurs as fluid accumulates around the heart, which restricts the heart’s stroke volume

A

Pericardial Tamponade

79
Q

The serous membranes that surround the heart

A

Pericardium

80
Q

The nerves that extend from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body by exiting between the vertebrae of the spine

A

Peripheral Nerves

81
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the protective membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

Peritonitis

82
Q

The process in which one cell “eats” or engulfs a foreign substance to destroy it

A

Phagocytosis

83
Q

A process by which cells ingest the extracellular fluid and its contents

A

Pinocytosis

84
Q

The serous membranes covering the lungs and lining of the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

85
Q

The potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura

A

Pleural Space

86
Q

Excessive accumulation of fluid within the pleural space

A

Pleural Effusion

87
Q

The small amount of lubricating fluid that fills the pleural space

A

Pleural Fluid

88
Q

An abnormal accumulation of air within the pleural space

A

Pneumothorax

89
Q

The space behind the knee

A

Popliteal Fossa

90
Q

The area of the neck containing the lymph nodes, brachial plexus, spinal accessory nerve, and a portion of the subclavian artery

A

Posterior Triangle

91
Q

Single, positively charged particles inside the nucleus of an atom

A

Protons

92
Q

A viscous liquid matrix that supports all internal cellular structures and provides a medium for intracellular transport; also called cytoplasm

A

Protoplasm

93
Q

A single layer of epithelial cells of varying heights, all of which attach to the basement membrane, but do not reach the free surface

A

Pseudostratified Epithelium

94
Q

The ongoing process of cell renewal where some cells actively divide during life and others die or are replaced by new cells

A

Remodeling

95
Q

The organs (kidneys, pancreas, and duodenum) and major blood vessels located in the retroperitoneal space

A

Retroperitoneal Organs

96
Q

The area located posterior to the parietal peritoneum that contains the kidneys, pancreas, reproductive organs, duodenum, and major blood vessels

A

Retroperitoneal Space

97
Q

A nucleic acid associated with controlling cellular activities

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

98
Q

Organelles that contain RNA and protein

A

Ribosomes

99
Q

The ability of the cell membrane to selectively allow compounds into the cell based on the cell’s current needs

A

Selective Permeability

100
Q

The property of the cell membrane that describes the ability to allow certain elements to pass through while not allowing others to do so

A

Semipermeable

101
Q

Membranes that line the body cavities that lack openings to the outside

A

Serous Membranes

102
Q

The number of osmotically active particles in serum

A

Serum Osmolality

103
Q

Germ (reproductive) cells; in males they are known as sperm and in females they are known as oocytes (eggs)

A

Sex Cells

104
Q

A single layer of cells, all of which are in contact with the basement membrane of the epithelial cell

A

Simple Epithelium

105
Q

Voluntary muscle tissue attached to bones and composed of long thread-like cells that have light and dark striations

A

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

106
Q

The protective vault that houses the brain and is composed of the cranium and facial bones

A

Skull

107
Q

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle tissue found in vessel walls, glands, and the gastrointestinal tract

A

Smooth Muscle Tissue

108
Q

A mechanism that uses active transport to move sodium out of the cells and potassium into the cells

A

Sodium-Potassium Exchange Pump

109
Q

Dissolved particles, such as salts, contained in solvent

A

Solutes

110
Q

All of the other cells in the human body besides the sex cells

A

Somatic Cells

111
Q

The spinal column or vertebral canal, housing the spinal cord

A

Spinal Cavity

112
Q

Microtubules radiating from the centrioles

A

Spindle Fibers

113
Q

Flat sheets of epithelial cells

A

Squamous Epithelium

114
Q

More than one layer of cells, only one of which is in contact with the basement membrane of the epithelial cell

A

Stratified Epithelium

115
Q

Muscle tissue that has microscopic bands and may be either voluntary, such as leg muscles, or involuntary, such as cardiac muscle

A

Striated

116
Q

A rapid pulse rate

A

Tachycardia

117
Q

A rapid respiratory rate

A

Tachypnea

118
Q

Groups of similar cells that work together

A

Tissues

119
Q

Tissue that changes in appearance due to tension; it lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra

A

Transitional Epithelium

120
Q

The navel

A

Umbilicus

121
Q

The spine or primary support structure of the body that houses the spinal cord and the peripheral nerves

A

Vertebral Column

122
Q

The portion of a serous membrane that covers the outside of an internal organ

A

Visceral Portion

123
Q

The internal structures within the cell that carry out specific functions for the cell

A

Organelles

Anatomy & Physiology for the Prehospital Provider (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions