Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Flashcards
acne
skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands
albinism
genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production
anagen
active phase of the hair growth cycle
apocrine sweat gland
type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions
arrector pili muscle
smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”
basal cell
type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis
basal cell carcinoma
cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin
bedsore
sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers
callus
thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion
catagen
transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle
cortex
in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb
dermal papilla
(plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis
cuticle
in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb
dermis
layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures
desmosome
structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells
eccrine sweat gland
type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation
eczema
skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash
elastin fibers
fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis
eleiden
clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss
epidermis
outermost tissue layer of the skin
eponychium
nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle
external root sheath
outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root
first degree burn
superficial burn that injures only the epidermis
fourth degree burn
burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged
glassy membrane
layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis
hair
keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis
hair bulb
structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla
hair follicle
cavity or sac from which hair originates
hair matrix
layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows
hair papilla
mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle