Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

acne

A

skin condition due to infected sebaceous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

albinism

A

genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anagen

A

active phase of the hair growth cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

apocrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is associated with hair follicles in the armpits and genital regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

arrector pili muscle

A

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

basal cell

A

type of stem cell found in the stratum basale and in the hair matrix that continually undergoes cell division, producing the keratinocytes of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

cancer that originates from basal cells in the epidermis of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

bedsore

A

sore on the skin that develops when regions of the body start necrotizing due to constant pressure and lack of blood supply; also called decubitis ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

callus

A

thickened area of skin that arises due to constant abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

catagen

A

transitional phase marking the end of the anagen phase of the hair growth cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cortex

A

in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dermal papilla

A

(plural = dermal papillae) extension of the papillary layer of the dermis that increases surface contact between the epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cuticle

A

in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix, as seen in a cross-section of the hair bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dermis

A

layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

desmosome

A

structure that forms an impermeable junction between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

eccrine sweat gland

A

type of sweat gland that is common throughout the skin surface; it produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

eczema

A

skin condition due to an allergic reaction, which resembles a rash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

elastin fibers

A

fibers made of the protein elastin that increase the elasticity of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

eleiden

A

clear protein-bound lipid found in the stratum lucidum that is derived from keratohyalin and helps to prevent water loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

epidermis

A

outermost tissue layer of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

eponychium

A

nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

external root sheath

A

outer layer of the hair follicle that is an extension of the epidermis, which encloses the hair root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

first degree burn

A

superficial burn that injures only the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

fourth degree burn

A

burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

glassy membrane

A

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

hair

A

keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hair bulb

A

structure at the base of the hair root that surrounds the dermal papilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hair follicle

A

cavity or sac from which hair originates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

hair matrix

A

layer of basal cells from which a strand of hair grows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

hair papilla

A

mass of connective tissue, blood capillaries, and nerve endings at the base of the hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

hair root

A

part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle

32
Q

hair shaft

A

part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

33
Q

hypodermis

A

connective tissue connecting the integument to the underlying bone and muscle

34
Q

hyponychium

A

thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail

35
Q

integumentary system

A

skin and its accessory structures

36
Q

internal root sheath

A

innermost layer of keratinocytes in the hair follicle that surround the hair root up to the hair shaft

37
Q

keloid

A

type of scar that has layers raised above the skin surface

38
Q

keratin

A

type of structural protein that gives skin, hair, and nails its hard, water-resistant properties

39
Q

keratinocyte

A

cell that produces keratin and is the most predominant type of cell found in the epidermis

40
Q

keratohyalin

A

granulated protein found in the stratum granulosum

41
Q

Langerhans cell

A

specialized dendritic cell found in the stratum spinosum that functions as a macrophage

42
Q

lunula

A

basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

43
Q

medulla

A

in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

44
Q

messier corpuscle

A

(also, tactile corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to light touch

45
Q

melanin

A

pigment that determines the color of hair and skin

46
Q

melanocyte

A
47
Q

melanoma

A

cell found in the stratum basale of the epidermis that produces the pigment melanin

48
Q

merkel cell

A

receptor cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis that responds to the sense of touch

49
Q

metastisis

A

spread of cancer cells from a source to other parts of the body

50
Q

nail bed

A

layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

51
Q

nail body

A

main keratinous plate that forms the nail

52
Q

nail cuticle

A

fold of epithelium that extends over the nail bed, also called the eponychium

53
Q

nail fold

A

fold of epithelium at that extend over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

54
Q

nail root

A

part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows

55
Q

pacinian corpuscle

A

(also, lamellated corpuscle) receptor in the skin that responds to vibration

56
Q

papillary layer

A

superficial layer of the dermis, made of loose, areolar connective tissue

57
Q

reticular layer

A

deeper layer of the dermis; it has a reticulated appearance due to the presence of abundant collagen and elastin fibers

58
Q

rickets

A

disease in children caused by vitamin D deficiency, which leads to the weakening of bones

59
Q

scar

A

collagen-rich skin formed after the process of wound healing that is different from normal skin

60
Q

sebum

A

oily substance that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair

61
Q

second degree burn

A

partial-thickness burn that injures the epidermis and a portion of the dermis

62
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

type of skin cancer that originates from the stratum spinosum of the epidermis

63
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer of the epidermis, made of epidermal stem cells

64
Q

stratum corneum

A

most superficial layer of the epidermis

65
Q

stratum granulosum

A

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum spinosum

66
Q

stratum lucidum

A

layer of the epidermis between the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum, found only in thick skin covering the palms, soles of the feet, and digits

67
Q

stratum spinosum

A

layer of the epidermis superficial to the stratum basale, characterized by the presence of desmosomes

68
Q

stretch mark

A

mark formed on the skin due to a sudden growth spurt and expansion of the dermis beyond its elastic limits

69
Q

sudoriferous gland

A

sweat gland

70
Q

telogen

A

resting phase of the hair growth cycle initiated with catagen and terminated by the beginning of a new anagen phase of hair growth

71
Q

third degree burn

A

burn that penetrates and destroys the full thickness of the skin (epidermis and dermis)

72
Q

vitamin D

A

compound that aids absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine to improve bone health

73
Q

vitiligo

A

skin condition in which melanocytes in certain areas lose the ability to produce melanin, possibly due an autoimmune reaction that leads to loss of color in patches

74
Q

sebaceous gland

A

type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum

74
Q

sebaceous gland

A

type of oil gland found in the dermis all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum