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Anatomy I > Chapter 4: Histology > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Histology Flashcards

1
Q

adipocytes

A

lipid storage cells

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2
Q

adipose tissue

A

specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

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3
Q

anchoring junction

A

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

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4
Q

apical

A

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

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5
Q

apocrine secretion

A

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

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6
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

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7
Q

areolar tissue

A

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

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8
Q

astrocyte

A

star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

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9
Q

atrophy

A

loss of mass and function

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10
Q

basal lamina

A

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

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11
Q

basement membrane

A

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

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12
Q

cardiac muscle

A

heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

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13
Q

cell junction

A

point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

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14
Q

chondrocytes

A

cells of the cartilage

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15
Q

clotting

A

also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

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16
Q

connective tissue

A

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

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17
Q

connective tissue membrane

A

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

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18
Q

connective tissue proper

A

connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.

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19
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

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20
Q

dense connective tissue

A

connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

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21
Q

ectoderm

A

outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

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22
Q

elastic cartilage

A

type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity

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23
Q

elastic fiber

A

fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size

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24
Q

endocrine gland

A

groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

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25
Q

endoderm

A

innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive

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26
Q

endothelium

A

tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium

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27
Q

epithelial membrane

A

epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue

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28
Q

epithelial tissue

A

type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion

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29
Q

exocrine gland

A

group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body

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30
Q

fibroblast

A

most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space

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31
Q

fibrocartilage

A

tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance

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32
Q

fibrocyte

A

less active form of fibroblast

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33
Q

fluid connective tissue

A

specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins

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34
Q

gap junction

A

allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

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35
Q

goblet cell

A

unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous

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36
Q

ground substance

A

fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

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37
Q

histamine

A

chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability

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38
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function

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39
Q

holocrine secretion

A

release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion

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40
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance

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41
Q

inflammation

A

response of tissue to injury

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42
Q

lacunae

A

(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy

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43
Q

lamina propria

A

areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

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44
Q

loose connective tissue

A

(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

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45
Q

matrix

A

extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers

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46
Q

merocrine secretion

A

release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis

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47
Q

mesenchymal cell

A

adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived

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48
Q

mesenchyme

A

embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive

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49
Q

mesoderm

A

middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

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50
Q

mesothelium

A

simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

51
Q

mucous connective tissue

A

specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord

52
Q

mucous membrane

A

tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment

53
Q

muscle tissue

A

type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.

54
Q

myelin

A

layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons

55
Q

myocyte

A

muscle cells

56
Q

necrosis

A

accidental death of cells and tissues

57
Q

nervous tissue

A

type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.

58
Q

neuroglia

A

supportive neural cells

59
Q

neuron

A

excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses

60
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain

61
Q

parenchyma

A

functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ

62
Q

primary union

A

condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing

63
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract

64
Q

reticular fiber

A

fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue

65
Q

reticular lamina

A

matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane

66
Q

reticular tissue

A

type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver

67
Q

Schwann cell

A

neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system

68
Q

secondary union

A

wound healing facilitated by wound contraction

69
Q

serous gland

A

group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface

70
Q

serous membrane

A

type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

71
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

72
Q

simple cuboidal epithelium

A

tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules

73
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

74
Q

skeletal muscle

A

usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated

75
Q

smooth muscle

A

under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber

76
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts

77
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts

78
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion

79
Q

striation

A

alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern

80
Q

supportive connective tissue

A

type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue

81
Q

synovial membrane

A

connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication

82
Q

tight junction

A

forms an impermeable barrier between cells

83
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

84
Q

tissue membrane

A

thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

85
Q

totipotent

A

embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body

86
Q

transitional epithelium

A

form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine

87
Q

vasodilation

A

widening of blood vessels

88
Q

wound contraction

A

process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together

89
Q

mucous gland

A

group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant

90
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Location: air sacs of lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Function: allows materials to pass through by diffusion and filtration & secretes lubricating substance

91
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Location: ducts and secretory portions of small glands and kidney tubules and ovary
Function: secretes and absorbs

92
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Location: ciliated tissues are in the bronchi, uterine tubes and uterus while unciliated are in digestive tract and bladder
Function: absorbs and secretes mucous and enzymes

93
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Location: esophagus, mouth, Vagina
Function: protects against abrasion

94
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Location : trachea and upper respiratory tract
Function: secretes mucous and ciliated moves the mucous

95
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Location : sweat glands, salivary glands, mammary glands
Function: protective tissue

96
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Location : male urethra, some glands
Function : secretes and protects

97
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Location: bladder, urethra, uterus
Function: allows urinary organs to expand and stretch

98
Q

Simple branched alveolar

A

Sebaceous glands

99
Q

Simple tubular

A

Intestinal glands

100
Q

Simple coiled tubular

A

Merocrine swear glands

101
Q

Simple branched tubular

A

Gastric and mucous glands of esophagus, tongue, and duodenum

102
Q

Compound alveolar

A

Mammary glands

103
Q

Compound tubule alveolar

A

Salivary glands, glands of respiratory passages and pancreas

104
Q

Compound alveolar

A

Salivary glands, gland of upper respiratory passages, bulbourethral gland, testes

105
Q

Merocrine gland

A

Discharge by exocytosis of secretory vessels

106
Q

Merocrine gland

A

Discharge by exocytosis of secretory vesicles

107
Q

Apocrine gland

A

Apical part of cell pinched off

108
Q

Holocrine gland

A

Secretory product is released when cell dies

109
Q

Areolar loose connective

A

Location: fills spaces between muscle fibers, surrounds blood and lymph vessels, supports organs in abdomen
Function: support and protects organs and muscles
Fiber: ALL

110
Q

Reticular loose connective

A

Location: lymphatic tissue framework , spleen, liver, smooth muscle
Function: structural support
Fiber: RETICULAR

111
Q

Adipose tissue

A

White- kidneys and back of eyes
Brown- neck and clavicular areas
Location: along areolar tissue
Function: insulation, cushioning, lipid storage

112
Q

Dense regular connective

A

Location : tendons and ligaments
Function: tensile strength, resistance
Fiber: COLLAGEN

113
Q

Dense irregular connective

A

Location: dermis of skin, heart valves
Function: greater strength in all direction
Fiber: COLLAGEN

114
Q

Dense elastic connective

A

Location : vocal folds, arterial walls, vertebrae, lungs
Function: stretching
Fiber : ELASTIC

115
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Location : ribs cage, nose, covers bones where they meet joints

116
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Location: external ear and epiglottis
Function : rigid support and elasticity
Fiber: ELASTIC

117
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Location: invertebrates discs, meninsi of knee, symphisis pubis
Function : strongest , strength , righty

118
Q

Compact bones

A

Location: skeleton
Function: support internal organs and protect

119
Q

Spongy bone

A

Location: skeleton
Function : end of long bones

120
Q

Blood

A

Location: veins, artery, heart
Function: transport and defend

121
Q

Skeletal tissue

A
  • long cylindrical and striated
    Function: voluntary movement, produces heat, protects organs
    Location : bones, entrance points in body
122
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A
  • short branched striated
    Function: contracts to pump blood
123
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Short, spindled, non striated
Function: involuntary movement, moves food, respirations, blood flow
Location: walls of major organs

Anatomy I (13 decks)

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