Chapter 5 - The Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What makes up the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

The heart - pump

Blood vessels and capilaries - Series of channels

Question 2

What are the two types of blood vessels and what are their purpose?

Answer 2

Veins - carry deoxiginated blood back to the heart

Arteries - carry oxyginated blood to parts of the body

Question 3

What else the the heart known as?

Answer 3

The aortic pump

Question 4

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 4

Acts as a weak pump, pumping deoxiginated blood into the right ventrical.

It is the first section of the heart.

Question 5

What does the right ventrical do?

Answer 5

Pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs.

Question 6

What does the left atrium do?

Answer 6

Acts as a weak pump, and pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left ventrical.

Question 7

What does the left ventrical do?

Answer 7

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 8

How does the heart obtain blood required to function and what complications can arise?

Answer 8

Coronary artieries and veins.

Narrowing of these vessels can cause heart attacks.

Question 9

What is a pulse?

Answer 9

A pressure wave caused by pumping of the heart.

Question 10

What affects a persons pulse?

Answer 10

Exersize

Emotional arousal

Age

Body temperature and blood pressure

Pain

Digestion

Question 11

What is the stroke volume?

Answer 11

The amount of blood pumped by the left ventrical in one contraction (70ml)

Question 12

What is the cardiac output?

Answer 12

The volume of blood pumped b y the heart per minute (ml/min)

Question 13

What is heart rate?

Answer 13

Beats per minute

Question 14

How do you wok out cardiac output?

Answer 14

Heart rate x stroke volume

Question 15

What is the maximum effective heart rate?

Answer 15

Around 180bmp, above this and the heart cannot fill with blood quick enough so cardiac output will decrease.

Question 16

What is the Aorta?

Answer 16

The main vessel out of the heart, which runs down the inside of the spine.

Question 17

What is the Vena Cava?

Answer 17

The main vein into the heart.

Question 18

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 18

The vessel that carries blood from the heart, to the lungs.

Question 19

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 19

The vessel that takes blood from the lungs to the heart.

Question 20

What is the pulmonary system?

Answer 20

Heart - lungs

Question 21

What is the systematic system?

Answer 21

Heart - body

Question 22

What are the functions of the circulatory system?

Answer 22

Carry oxygen to cells and CO2 away.

Carry nutrients to cells and waste away.

Carry chemical messengers, hormones

Transport antibodies

Assist in temperature control (vasoconstrict/vasodilate)

Question 23

What is the composition of blood and what is each parts purpose?

Answer 23

Red blood cells (oxygen)

White blood cells (antibodies)

Platelets (clotting)

Plasma (liquid suspension)

Question 24

How much more oxygen do red blood cells allow the blood to carry?

Answer 24

70% more

Question 25

What is Anaemia and what are it's symptoms?

Answer 25

Low red blood cells/heomoglobin most commonly due to iron definciency. Tiredness/lethargy and pale complexion

Question 26

What are some disorders of the heart?

Answer 26

Signal from brain to contracting muscle altering the pacemaker rhythm. Narrowing of coronary blood vessels causing Angina, Coronary heart disorder or even heart attack.

Question 27

What is Angina and what can cause it?

Answer 27

Chest pain due to restricted blood supply to the heart muscle. causes: Age Disease Smoking Physical/Emotional stress

Question 28

What is coronary artery disease?

Answer 28

Where blood flow to heart heart is restricted or cut off.

Question 29

What is a Myocardial infarction and what are the symptoms?

Answer 29

A heart attack, and thus death of the peice of heart muscle involved. symptoms: Pain in chest Increased heart rate Shortness of breath Pallor & sweating

Question 30

What is the most common cause of death in men over 40?

Answer 30

Heart attack

Question 31

What are the risk factors associated with developing coronary heart disease?

Answer 31

Family history Smoking High blood pressure (Hypertension\_ High blood choleserol Lack of exersize Diabetes

Question 32

What can you do to reduce the chances of developing coronary heart disease?

Answer 32

Exersize 3 times a week for at least 20 mins, doubling heart rate.

Question 33

What does the cardiac cycle consist of?

Answer 33

Diastole, relaxing phase and Systole, contracting phase.

Question 34

What is blood pressure what what does it depend on?

Answer 34

The measure of force of blood on walls of bloody vessels as it flows through them. Depends on: Cardiac output Peripheral resistance Elasticity of vessel walls Blood volume and viscosity

Question 35

What is systolic pressure and what is a typical value?

Answer 35

Force at which the heart pumps blood into artieries & around the body. Usually around 120mmHg

Question 36

What is Dyastolic pressure and what is a typical value?

Answer 36

Pressure in the heart at rest. Usually around 80mmHg.

Question 37

What is hypertension, what can it cause and what are it's symptoms?

Answer 37

High blood pressure, exceeding 140/90. Can cause: Stroke; Coronary heart disease; Kidney failure Symptoms: Heart palpitations; Shortness of breath; Angina; Headaches; Sudden nose bleeds

Question 38

What can cause hypertension and what can prevent it?

Answer 38

Causes: Family history; Dietry factors; Obesity; Narrowing or hardening of arteries; Stress; Smoking; Age; Lack of exercise. Prevention: Lifestyle change with healthy diet; Regular exercise; Quitting smoking.

Question 39

What effect does age have on blood pressure?

Answer 39

As a person ages their blood pressure will rise due to vessels losing their elasticity.

Question 40

What is hypotension and what are it's symptoms?

Answer 40

Low blood pressure, below 90/60mmHg Symptoms: Lethargy; Dizziness; Shortness of breath; Fainting; Reduction in ability to withstand G forces; In extreme case coma.

Question 41

What can cause hypotension?

Answer 41

Time of day; Age; Temperature; Medication; Genetics (long term); Injury (haemorrhage); Some illnesses; Shock; Insufficient fluid intake; Disorder of the endocrine system.

Question 42

What are baroreceptors?

Answer 42

Part of the pressure regulation system that helps to maintain homeostasis by sending impulses to the brain to either reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels during hypertension, or increase heart rate and tighten blood vessels during hypotension.

Question 43

What should be done after donating blood?

Answer 43

Drink plenty of fluids Lie surpine for 15-30 minutes Dont fly for at least 24hrs