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Chemistry I > Chapter 5 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest particle of an element that maintains the identity of that element.

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2
Q

What is an atom’s charge as a whole?

A

Neutral

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3
Q

What are the regions of the atom?

A

Nucleus and electron cloud

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4
Q

What is an atom’s nucleus?

A

Small volume, dense, positively charged center of the atom.

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5
Q

What does an atom’s nucleus contain?

A

Protons and neutrons

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6
Q

How much of the mass and volume of the atom does the nucleus take up?

A

99.999% of mass, 0.000001% of volume

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7
Q

What are nucleons?

A

the particles that make up the nucleus (protons and neutrons)

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8
Q

What force holds nucleons together?

A

Nuclear force

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9
Q

What is the electron cloud?

A

Region of large volume surrounding the nucleus, negatively charged and contains electrons.

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10
Q

What are the mass and volume relationships of the electron cloud to the whole atom?

A

99.999% of volume, 0.000001% of mass

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11
Q

What are the three subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, electrons

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12
Q

What is a proton?

A

Identify an atom, found in the nucleus, positively charged

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13
Q

What is a neutron?

A

Found in the nucleus, no charge – neutral

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14
Q

What is an electron?

A

Found in electron cloud, negatively charged

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15
Q

What are the symbols for the three main subatomic particles?

A

P+, Nº, E-

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16
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The number of protons in an atom. Used to identify the atom (element). Increases by one across a period. The number of protons determines the element’s identity.

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17
Q

What is the mass number?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, mass is insignificant of electrons so they do not count in the atomic mass.

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18
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number mass number because only the number of neutrons differs

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19
Q

What are ions?

A

An atom with a charge. Occurs when an atom gains or loses electron(s). Formed when an atom gains or loses electrons.

20
Q

What are two types of ions?

A

Cations and anions

21
Q

What is a cation?

A

Formed when an atom loses electron(s): metal atoms form cations, positive ion

22
Q

What is an anion?

A

Formed when an atom gains electron(s): nonmetal atoms form anions, negative ion

23
Q

What are relative masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons?

A

Protons: 1 amu
Neutrons: 1 amu
Electrons: 1/1840 amu

24
Q

What is atomic mass?

A

The weighted average mass of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element. It is the average mass of the atoms of an element.

25
Q

What is the relationship between a mass spectrometer and atomic mass?

A

The mass spectrometer is used to separate the different isotopes by mass and %.

26
Q

What does amu stand for?

A

Atomic Mass Unit

27
Q

What are metalloids?

A

Located along the steps of the periodic table. They have the properties of both metal and nonmetal and can form either kind of ion.

28
Q

What are nonmetals?

A

They are located to the right of the steps on the Periodic Table. Generally are gases or brittle solids at room temperature. If solid, they are dull and poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators).

29
Q

What are metals?

A

Hard, shiny, malleable, ductile and conduct heat & electricity well. They are located on the left side of the steps that come down and across the periodic table.

30
Q

In terms of ionic bonding, what usually happens with metals?

A

Elements with three or fewer electrons in their outer shell are considered to be metals, but there are exceptions. Metals have a tendency to lose their valence electrons and form cations

31
Q

In terms of ionic bonding, what usually happens with nonmetals.

A

Elements with five or more valence electrons are to be considered nonmetals, but there are exceptions. Nonmetals have a tendency to gain electrons and form anions.

32
Q

What are periods?

A

A horizontal row on the period table. There are 7 periods numbered 1-7. Each period represents an energy level. Elements within the same period do NOT have similar properties. Yet, they have patterns by row.

33
Q

What are groups?

A

A vertical column on the periodic table. Elements within the same group have similar properties. They also have the same number of valence electrons.

34
Q

What are the two lettered group types?

A

A and B

35
Q

How many A groups are there and how many B groups are there?

A

8 for both

36
Q

Describe the 8 A groups.

A 
IA-Alkali metals
IIA-Alkaline earth metals
IIIA-Boron group
IVA-Carbon group
VA-nitrogen group
VIA-oxygen group
VIIA-halogens
VIIIIA-noble gases
37
Q

What are the B groups?

A

also known as the transition metals, occupy the D subshell region of the periodic table

38
Q

Where are all metals located?

A

To the left of the stairs, lanthanides, and actinides

39
Q

Describe Mendeleev’s efforts with the Periodic Table.

A

In the 1860’s, he was first to arrange elements in a table. He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and that their properties were functions of their masses. He did not have the ability to look at the nucleus and arrange by atomic number.

40
Q

Describe Henry Moseley’s efforts with the Periodic Table.

A

In 1913, he developed what is now known as the modern periodic table. He arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic number.

41
Q

What is the Modern Periodic Law?

A

The physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers.

42
Q

Describe the Modern Periodic Table.

A

Elements with similar electron configuration are placed in the same column. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Because elements in the same Group have similar electron configurations, they will have similar chemical properties.

43
Q

What are two main categories of subatomic particles?

A

leptons and hadrons

44
Q

What is a lepton?

A

elementary particles, basic unit, made of nothing else

45
Q

What are hadrons made of?

A

Quarks

Chemistry I (15 decks)

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