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Chemistry I > Chapter 16.1 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 16.1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

When atoms share electrons to become stable

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2
Q

What rule do covalent bonds follow in order to become stable?

A

Octet Rule

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3
Q

What are covalent bonds usually formed by?

A

It is formed between 2 nonmetals

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4
Q

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds?

A

Ionic bonds transfer electrons from metals to nonmetals to form ions. Covalent bonds share electrons between nonmetals.

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5
Q

What do covalent bonds form?

A

Molecules

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6
Q

What is formed when two or more atoms share covalent bonds?

A

molecular compound

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7
Q

What is a Single Covalent Bond?

A

One pair of electrons is shared between two nonmetal atoms

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8
Q

What is a structural formula?

A

A chemical formula that shows the arrangement of atoms within a molecule or polyatomic ion.

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9
Q

What is a molecular formula?

A

Tells us which elements and how many atoms of each element are in one molecule

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10
Q

What are molecular orbitals?

A

When atomic orbitals overlap in covalent bonding

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11
Q

What are unpaired electrons?

A

Usually the only valence electrons involved in bonding

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12
Q

What are unshared pairs?

A

The pairs of valences that aren’t shared between atoms and not usually involved in bonding.

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13
Q

What is an orbital diagram?

A

A diagram that indicates where electrons overlap in orbitals.

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14
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A neutral group of covalently bonded atoms that act as a single unit.

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15
Q

What is the representative for a molecular compound?

A

molecule

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16
Q

What is a double covalent bond?

A

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two nonmetal atoms.

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17
Q

What is a triple covalent bond?

A

When three pairs of electrons are shared between 2 nonmetal atoms.

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18
Q

What is another name for a chemical formula for a molecular compound?

A

molecular formula

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19
Q

What are molecular compounds a collection of?

A

molecules

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20
Q

Why don’t ionic compounds have molecular formulas?

A

They do not contain molecules

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21
Q

What is a diatomic molecule?

A

When written, they are added as two atoms.

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22
Q

What are the diatomic molecules?

A
  • H
  • N
  • O
  • F
  • Cl
  • Br
  • I
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23
Q

How many diatomic molecules are there?

A

7

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24
Q

What is the Binary Molecular Compound?

A

A compound that contains two different nonmetal elements.

25
Q

What is the main rule when diagramming molecular compounds?

A

The solitary atom will be the central atom and all other atoms will bond to it.

26
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Compounds that contain both H and C

27
Q

What are alkanes?

A

They end in -ane, only have H and C in them and all have single covalent bonds between the carbons.

28
Q

What are alkynes?

A

They end in -yne, triple covalent bond between carbons.

29
Q

What is a coordinate covalent bond?

A

When one atom contributes both electrons to the bonding or shared pair

30
Q

What are coordinate covalent bonds common in?

A

polyatomic ions

31
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

A group of covalently bonded atoms with a charge that act as a single unit.

32
Q

What is the first step when drawing covalent bonds with a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A

Determine the sum of each atom’s valences

33
Q

What is the second step when drawing covalent bonds with a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A

Draw a skeleton structure, which means one bond between all bonding atoms

34
Q

What is the third step when drawing covalent bonds with a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A

Subtract the total number of electrons involved in the bonds from the total number of valences from step 1.

35
Q

What is the fourt step when drawing covalent bonds with a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A

Divide remaining electrons by 2 to determine the number of pairs to be placed around the electrons.

36
Q

What is the fifth step when drawing covalent bonds with a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A

Place pairs of electrons on most electronegative atoms first and work from outwards in.

37
Q

What is the sixth step when drawing covalent bonds with a Lewis Dot Diagram?

A

If needed, move pairs of atoms to form bonds to complete each atom’s octet.

38
Q

When is there an exception to the Octet Rule?

A

If there is an odd total number of electrons

39
Q

What are Resonance Structures?

A

More than one valid diagram for the same molecules

40
Q

What are the original Lewis structures contributed by?

A

resonance structure

41
Q

What are nonpolar bonds?

A

Electrons are shared evenly

42
Q

What are polar bonds?

A

Electrons are shared unevenly

43
Q

What is the main factor that determines polar vs. nonpolar bonds?

A

EN

44
Q

Why do only nonmetals form covalent bonds and both kinds form ionic bonds?

A

Nonmetals electronegativity is closer and metals are weak, so the nonmetals share because both are pulling.

45
Q

What is the rule to determine if a bond is nonpolar?

A

If the difference in EN between bonding atoms is 0 to 0.4, the bond is nonpolar.

46
Q

What is the rule to determine if a bond is nonpolar?

A

If the EN difference between bonding atoms in 0.4 to 2.0, the bond is polar.

47
Q

What kind of bond forms if the EN difference is over 2.0

A

ionic

48
Q

How do you assign partial charges?

A

By using the difference in EN between bonding atoms to determine if bonds are polar or nonpolar and to determine an atom’s net charge.

49
Q

What is a sigma bond?

A

A bond formed along the nuclear axis

50
Q

What are rules for sigma bonds?

A

The nuclear axis is the shortest distance between two atoms and you can only have one bond per pair of electrons.

51
Q

What are pi bonds?

A

They form above and below the nuclear axis

52
Q

Which are stronger sigma or pi bonds?

A

sigma.

53
Q

What is the structure of a molecular compound?

A

Crystal structure

54
Q

What is a molecular compound’s property of solubility in water?

A

High to low, variable solubility

55
Q

Do molecular compounds conduct electricity as solids?

A

No

56
Q

Are molecular compounds flammable?

A

Some are, some are not

57
Q

What is a molecular compound’s property of melting point?

A

Generally low melting points

58
Q

What is solubility’s relationship with temperature in molecular compounds?

A

As one increases, the other increases

59
Q

Do molecular compounds conduct electricity in solutions?

A

No

Chemistry I (15 decks)

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