Chapter 5 terms Flashcards
Civil Rights
The government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government or individuals.
Thirteenth Amendment
One of the three Civil War Amendments; specifically bans slavery in the United States.
Black Codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War.
Fourteenth Amendment
One of the three Civil War Amendments; guarantees equal protection under the law to all U.S citizens.
Equal Protection Clause
Section of the 14th Amendment that guarantees all citizens receive equal protection of the laws.
Fifteenth Amendment
One of the three Civil War Amendments; specifically enfranchises newly freed male slaves.
Jim Crow Laws
Laws enacted by Southern States that require segregation in public schools, theaters, hotels, and other public accommodations.
Civil Rights cases (1883)
Name attached to five cases brought under the civil rights Act of 1875. In 1883 the Supreme Court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodation, including theaters, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was private, not state, discrimination
Poll tax
A tax levied in many souther states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot.
grandfather clause
Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens whose grandfathers had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test.
Please v Ferguson
supreme Court case that challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide spare accomodations for blacks and whites. the court found that septate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment
suffrage movement
the drive or voting rights for women that took place in the united States from 1890 to 1920
Nineteenth Amendment
Amendment to the constitution that guarantees women the right to vote
Brown v. Board of education.
Supreme Court ruled separate is not equal
canceled segregation in public facilities like school.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Wide-ranging legislature passed by Congress to outlaw segregation public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting; created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
De jure discrimination
Racial Segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy.
de facto segregation
racial discrimination that results from practice ( such as housing patterns or other social institutional non government factors) rather than the law
Equal rights Amendment
proposed Amendment to the Constitution that states “Equality of rights under law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of sex.”
Suspect classification
category or class, such as race, that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the supreme Court.
strict scrutiny
a heightened sundaes of review used by the supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice.
Equal pay act of 1963
legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work.
Title IX
provisions of the education amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discrimating against female students
affirmative action
policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group
