Chapter 18 Foreign and Defense Policy

Question 1

Foreign policy

Answer 1

Area of policy making that encompasses how one country builds relationships with other countries in order to safeguard its national interest.

Question 2

Defense Policy

Answer 2

Area of policy making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies.

Question 3

Isolationism

Answer 3

The U.S. policy of avoiding entangling alliances with European powers.

Question 4

Farewell Address

Answer 4

When President George Washington left office, he wrote a letter, addressed to the people of the United States, warning people of the dangers to avoid in order to preserve the republic.

Question 5

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 5

President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose attempts by European states to reestablish their political control in the Western hemisphere.

Question 6

tariffs

Answer 6

taxes on imported goods

Question 7

Manifest Destiny

Answer 7

Theory that the United States was divinely supported to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 8

Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 8

Concept developed by President Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the United States to ensure stability in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Question 9

Collective Security

Answer 9

The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries.

Question 10

UN Security Council

Answer 10

A principle part of the United Nations, charged with authorizing peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and military action in order to maintain global peace and security.

Question 11

Bretton Woods System

Answer 11

International financial system devised shortly before the end of Word War II that created the World bank and the International Monetary Fund.

Question 12

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Answer 12

International government organization designed to provide loans to stabilize international currency transactions.

Question 13

World Bank

Answer 13

International government organization created to provide loans for large economic development projects .

Question 14

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Answer 14

Post World War II economic development treaty designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade.

Question 15

Containment

Answer 15

U.S. policy of opposing Soviet expansion and communist revolutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance ad political influence.

Question 16

Truman Doctrine

Answer 16

U.S. anti-communist policy initiated in 1947 that became the basis of U.S. foreign policy throughout the Cold War.

Question 17

Marshall Plan

Answer 17

European collective recovery program, named after Secretary of State George C Marshall, that provided extensive american aid to Western Europe after World War II.

Question 18

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Answer 18

the first peacetime military treaty joined by the United States; NATO is a collective security pact that includes the United States, Canada, and Western Europe.

Question 19

Berlin Wall

Answer 19

a barrier built by East Germany in 1961 to cut off democratic West Berlin from communist East Berlin.

Question 20

Cuban Missile Crisis

Answer 20

The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 21

Detente

Answer 21

The improvement in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the 1970’s

Question 22

human rights

Answer 22

The protection of people’s basic freedoms and needs.

Question 23

Reagan Doctrine

Answer 23

The Reagan administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups.

Question 24

Contras

Answer 24

An armed guerilla organization that opposed Nicaragua’s Sandinista government and received funding and arms from the U.S.

Question 25

Democratic enlargement

Answer 25

Policy implementation during the Clinton administration in which the United States would actively promote the expansion of democracy and free markets throughout the world.

Question 26

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Answer 26

An international organization that replaced the GATT in 1955 to supervise and expand international trade.

Question 27

European Union

Answer 27

An organization that joins 27 countries in Europe into a union that includes free trade, a central bank, a common currency, ease of immigration, a European Parliament, and other political institutions to govern and administer the organization.

Question 28

Global War on Terror

Answer 28

An international action. initiated by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 attacks, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world.

Question 29

Taliban

Answer 29

A fundamentalist Islamic group that controlled Afghanistan from 1996 until U.S military intervention in 2001. The Taliban provided refuge for al-Qaeda, allowing terrorist training camps to operate in the country.

Question 30

Department of State

Answer 30

Chief Executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.

Question 31

Department of Defense

Answer 31

Chief Executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S defense and military policy.

Question 32

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Answer 32

Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant.

Question 33

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 33

Cabinet department created after 9/11 to coordinate domestic security efforts.

Question 34

War Powers Resolution

Answer 34

passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdraw) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.

Question 35

Military industrial complex

Answer 35

The network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the U.S armed forces, and Congress.

Question 36

Protectionism

Answer 36

A trade policy wherein a country takes steps to limit the import of foreign goods through tariffs and subsidies to domestic firms.

Question 37

Strategic Trade Policy

Answer 37

A trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support their development and success.

Question 38

Free trade System

Answer 38

A system of international trade that has little government interference on the sale of goods and services among countries.

Question 39

North Americn Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

Answer 39

Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.