Chapter 18 Foreign and Defense Policy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Foreign policy

A

Area of policy making that encompasses how one country builds relationships with other countries in order to safeguard its national interest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Defense Policy

A

Area of policy making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isolationism

A

The U.S. policy of avoiding entangling alliances with European powers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Farewell Address

A

When President George Washington left office, he wrote a letter, addressed to the people of the United States, warning people of the dangers to avoid in order to preserve the republic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose attempts by European states to reestablish their political control in the Western hemisphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tariffs

A

taxes on imported goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

Theory that the United States was divinely supported to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

Concept developed by President Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the United States to ensure stability in Latin America and the Caribbean.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Collective Security

A

The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

UN Security Council

A

A principle part of the United Nations, charged with authorizing peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and military action in order to maintain global peace and security.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bretton Woods System

A

International financial system devised shortly before the end of Word War II that created the World bank and the International Monetary Fund.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

International government organization designed to provide loans to stabilize international currency transactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

World Bank

A

International government organization created to provide loans for large economic development projects .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

A

Post World War II economic development treaty designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Containment

A

U.S. policy of opposing Soviet expansion and communist revolutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance ad political influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Truman Doctrine

A

U.S. anti-communist policy initiated in 1947 that became the basis of U.S. foreign policy throughout the Cold War.

17
Q

Marshall Plan

A

European collective recovery program, named after Secretary of State George C Marshall, that provided extensive american aid to Western Europe after World War II.

18
Q

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

A

the first peacetime military treaty joined by the United States; NATO is a collective security pact that includes the United States, Canada, and Western Europe.

19
Q

Berlin Wall

A

a barrier built by East Germany in 1961 to cut off democratic West Berlin from communist East Berlin.

20
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis

A

The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union.

21
Q

Detente

A

The improvement in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the 1970’s

22
Q

human rights

A

The protection of people’s basic freedoms and needs.

23
Q

Reagan Doctrine

A

The Reagan administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups.

24
Q

Contras

A

An armed guerilla organization that opposed Nicaragua’s Sandinista government and received funding and arms from the U.S.

25
Q

Democratic enlargement

A

Policy implementation during the Clinton administration in which the United States would actively promote the expansion of democracy and free markets throughout the world.

26
Q

World Trade Organization (WTO)

A

An international organization that replaced the GATT in 1955 to supervise and expand international trade.

27
Q

European Union

A

An organization that joins 27 countries in Europe into a union that includes free trade, a central bank, a common currency, ease of immigration, a European Parliament, and other political institutions to govern and administer the organization.

28
Q

Global War on Terror

A

An international action. initiated by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 attacks, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world.

29
Q

Taliban

A

A fundamentalist Islamic group that controlled Afghanistan from 1996 until U.S military intervention in 2001. The Taliban provided refuge for al-Qaeda, allowing terrorist training camps to operate in the country.

30
Q

Department of State

A

Chief Executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.

31
Q

Department of Defense

A

Chief Executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S defense and military policy.

32
Q

Joint Chiefs of Staff

A

Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant.

33
Q

Department of Homeland Security

A

Cabinet department created after 9/11 to coordinate domestic security efforts.

34
Q

War Powers Resolution

A

passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdraw) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.

35
Q

Military industrial complex

A

The network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the U.S armed forces, and Congress.

36
Q

Protectionism

A

A trade policy wherein a country takes steps to limit the import of foreign goods through tariffs and subsidies to domestic firms.

37
Q

Strategic Trade Policy

A

A trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support their development and success.

38
Q

Free trade System

A

A system of international trade that has little government interference on the sale of goods and services among countries.

39
Q

North Americn Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

A

Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.