Chapter 18 Foreign and Defense Policy Flashcards
Foreign policy
Area of policy making that encompasses how one country builds relationships with other countries in order to safeguard its national interest.
Defense Policy
Area of policy making that focuses on the strategies that a country uses to protect itself from its enemies.
Isolationism
The U.S. policy of avoiding entangling alliances with European powers.
Farewell Address
When President George Washington left office, he wrote a letter, addressed to the people of the United States, warning people of the dangers to avoid in order to preserve the republic.
Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe’s 1823 pledge that the United States would oppose attempts by European states to reestablish their political control in the Western hemisphere.
tariffs
taxes on imported goods
Manifest Destiny
Theory that the United States was divinely supported to expand across North America to the Pacific Ocean.
Roosevelt Corollary
Concept developed by President Theodore Roosevelt early in the twentieth century declaring that it was the responsibility of the United States to ensure stability in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Collective Security
The idea that an attack on one country is an attack on all countries.
UN Security Council
A principle part of the United Nations, charged with authorizing peacekeeping operations, international sanctions, and military action in order to maintain global peace and security.
Bretton Woods System
International financial system devised shortly before the end of Word War II that created the World bank and the International Monetary Fund.
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
International government organization designed to provide loans to stabilize international currency transactions.
World Bank
International government organization created to provide loans for large economic development projects .
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Post World War II economic development treaty designed to help facilitate international trade negotiations and promote free trade.
Containment
U.S. policy of opposing Soviet expansion and communist revolutions around the world with military forces, economic assistance ad political influence.
Truman Doctrine
U.S. anti-communist policy initiated in 1947 that became the basis of U.S. foreign policy throughout the Cold War.
Marshall Plan
European collective recovery program, named after Secretary of State George C Marshall, that provided extensive american aid to Western Europe after World War II.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
the first peacetime military treaty joined by the United States; NATO is a collective security pact that includes the United States, Canada, and Western Europe.
Berlin Wall
a barrier built by East Germany in 1961 to cut off democratic West Berlin from communist East Berlin.
Cuban Missile Crisis
The 1962 confrontation over the deployment of ballistic missiles in Cuba that nearly escalated into nuclear war between the United States and the Soviet Union.
Detente
The improvement in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that occurred during the 1970’s
human rights
The protection of people’s basic freedoms and needs.
Reagan Doctrine
The Reagan administration’s commitment to ending communism by providing military assistance to anti-communist groups.
Contras
An armed guerilla organization that opposed Nicaragua’s Sandinista government and received funding and arms from the U.S.
Democratic enlargement
Policy implementation during the Clinton administration in which the United States would actively promote the expansion of democracy and free markets throughout the world.
World Trade Organization (WTO)
An international organization that replaced the GATT in 1955 to supervise and expand international trade.
European Union
An organization that joins 27 countries in Europe into a union that includes free trade, a central bank, a common currency, ease of immigration, a European Parliament, and other political institutions to govern and administer the organization.
Global War on Terror
An international action. initiated by President George W. Bush after the 9/11 attacks, to weed out terrorist operatives throughout the world.
Taliban
A fundamentalist Islamic group that controlled Afghanistan from 1996 until U.S military intervention in 2001. The Taliban provided refuge for al-Qaeda, allowing terrorist training camps to operate in the country.
Department of State
Chief Executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.
Department of Defense
Chief Executive branch department responsible for formulation and implementation of U.S defense and military policy.
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Military advisory body that includes the Army chief of staff, the chief of naval operations, and the Marine commandant.
Department of Homeland Security
Cabinet department created after 9/11 to coordinate domestic security efforts.
War Powers Resolution
passed by Congress in 1973; the president is limited in the deployment of troops overseas to a sixty-day period in peacetime (which can be extended for an extra thirty days to permit withdraw) unless Congress explicitly gives its approval for a longer period.
Military industrial complex
The network of political and financial relations formed by defense industries, the U.S armed forces, and Congress.
Protectionism
A trade policy wherein a country takes steps to limit the import of foreign goods through tariffs and subsidies to domestic firms.
Strategic Trade Policy
A trade policy wherein governments identify key industries that they wish to see grow and enact policies to support their development and success.
Free trade System
A system of international trade that has little government interference on the sale of goods and services among countries.
North Americn Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Agreement that promotes free movement of goods and services among Canada, Mexico, and the United States.
