Chapter 5 - System Software Flashcards
Application programming interface (API)
A set of software routines that allows one software system to work with another
Authentication
The process of identifying a computer user, based on a login or username and password. Computer system determines whether the computer user is authorized and what level of access is to be granted on the network
Basic input/output system
A program that manages the data between a computer’s operating system and all the input and output devices attached to the computer; also responsible for loading the operating system from its permanent location on the hard drive to RAM
Boot process
The process for loading the operating system into RAM when the computer is turned on
Cluster
The smallest increment in which data is stored on hard disks; hard disks are divided into tracks, then wedges, then sectors, then clusters
Command-driven interface
Interface between user and computer in which the user enters commands to communicate with the computer system
Desktop
Primary working area
Directory
A hierarchical structure that include files, folders and drives used to create a more organized and efficient computer
Disk Cleanup
A Windows utility that removes unnecessary files from the hard drive
Disk defragmentation
The process of regrouping related pieces of files on the hard drive, enabling faster retrieval of the data
Distributions (distros)
Linux downloaded packages
Event
The result of an action, such as a keystroke, mouse click or signal to the printer in the respective device to which the operating system responds
Extension (file type)
In a file name, the three letters that follow the user-supplied file name after the dot; it identifies what kind of family of files the file belongs to or which application should be used to read the file
File
A collection of related pieces of information stored together for easy reference
File compression utility
A program that takes out redundancies in a file in order to reduce the file size
File Explorer
The main tool for finding, viewing and managing the contents of your computer by showing the location and contents of every drive, folder and file (called Windows Explorer before Windows 8)
File History
A Windows utility that automatically creates a duplicate of your libraries, desktop, contacts and favorites and copies it to another storage device, such as an external hard drive
File management
The process by which humans or computer software provide organizational structure to a computer’s contents
File name
The first part of the label applied to a file, generally the name a user assigns to a file when saving it
File path
The exact location of a file, starting with the drive in which the file is located and including all folders, subfolders, file name and the extension
File path
The exact location of a file, starting with the drive in which the file is located and including all folders, subfolders, file name and the extension
Folder
A collection of files stored on a computer
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Unlike command and menu-driven interfaces in earlier software, GUIs display graphics and use the point-and-click technology of the mouse and cursor, making them much more user friendly
Interrupt
A signal that tells the operating system that it is in need of immediate attention