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CIS 1200 > Chapter 13 - How the Internet Works > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - How the Internet Works Flashcards

1
Q

Applet

A

A small application located on a server, and when requested the applet is downloaded to the client

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2
Q

Cascading style sheet (CSS)

A

A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements

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3
Q

Circuit switching

A

Where dedicated connection is formed between two points and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission

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4
Q

Client/server model

A

A type of network that uses servers to deliver services to computers that are requesting them (clients)

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5
Q

Client-side program

A

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server

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6
Q

Commerce server

A

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the web

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7
Q

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

A

A method of designing programs that provides a methodology by which a browser can request a program file be executed instead of just being delivered to the browser

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8
Q

Computer protocol

A

A set of rules for exchanging electronic information

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9
Q

Connectionless Protocol

A

A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer

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10
Q

Connection-oriented protocol

A

A protocol for exchanging information that requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up the parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data

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11
Q

Document Object Model (DOM)

A

Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements

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12
Q

Domain name system server (DNS)

A

A server that maintains a database of domain names and converts domain names to Internet protocol addresses

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13
Q

Dotted decimal number

A

The form of an IP address where sets of numerals are separated by decimals

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14
Q

Dynamic addressing

A

A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where a computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of addresses

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15
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A

A protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses

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16
Q

Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

A

A combination of technologies used to create lively and interactive websites (HTML, cascading style sheets and JavaScript)

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17
Q

Element

A

In HTML, a pair of tags and the text between them

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18
Q

Encryption

A

The process of coding email so that only the person with the key to the code can decode the message

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19
Q

Handshaking

A

In a connection-oriented protocol, the process of exchanging control packets before exchanging data packets

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20
Q

Hexadecimal digit

A

A digit with 16 possible values (0-9 and A-F)

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21
Q

HTML embedded scripting language

A

A programming language that tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page
- most popular example is JavaScript

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22
Q

HTML tag

A

Tags that surround and define HTML content

23
Q

Internet cache

A

A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as IP addresses and frequently accessed web pages

24
Q

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

A

The organization that registers IP addresses to ensure they are unique and haven’t been assigned to other users

25
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
The original IP addressing scheme, created in 1981
26
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
An IP addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer thereby providing more available addresses
27
Key pair
The two keys used in public-key encryption
28
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)
Specifications for sending files as attachments to email
29
Negative acknowledgement (NAK)
In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form
30
Octet
A reference to each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number IP address
31
Open system
A system having the characteristic of being public for access by any interested party, as opposed to a propriety system
32
Optical carrier (OC) line
A high-speed fibre-optic line
33
Packet
A small segment of data that is bundled for sending over transmission media - contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it is being sent
34
Packet switching
A communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient - data is broken into small chunks called packets
35
Point of presence
A bank of modems, servers, routers and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider
36
Positive acknowledgement
In data exchange, the confirmation sent from one computer or system to another saying that the computer has received a data packet that it can read
37
Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
A public-key package for encryption available for download on the Internet
38
Private key
The key for decoding retained as private in public-key encryption
39
Private-key encryption
A type of encryption where only two parties involved in sending the message have the code
40
Proprietary system
A system having the characteristic of being closed to public access as opposed to an open system
41
Public key
The key for coding distributed to the public in public-key encryption
42
Public-key encryption
A type of encryption where two keys, known as key pairs, are created - one key is used for coding and the other decoding - key for coding is distributed as public key - private key is retained for decoding
43
Root DNS server
A domain name system server that contains the master listings for an entire top-level domain
44
Second-level domain
A domain that is directly below a top-level domain
45
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet - current versions of all major web browsers support SSL
46
Server-side program
A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer
47
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
The protocol responsible for sending email along the internet to its destination - part of Internet Protocol suite
48
Static addressing
A way of assigning IP addresses where the address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an internet service provider
49
T line
A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires
50
Three-way handshake
In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data - steps: one computer establishes a connection to ISP and announces it has email to send, ISP server responds that it is ready to receive, computer acknowledges the ready state and begins to transmit email
51
Transmission control protocol (TCP)
One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet
52
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
An updated extension of Secure Sockets Layer
53
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
An Internet Protocol that creates data packets across the Internet
54
Web server
A computer running a specialized operating system that enables it to host web pages and to provide requested web pages to clients

CIS 1200 (13 decks)

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