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CIS 1200 > Chapter 13 - How the Internet Works > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - How the Internet Works Flashcards

1
Q

Applet

A

A small application located on a server, and when requested the applet is downloaded to the client

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2
Q

Cascading style sheet (CSS)

A

A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements

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3
Q

Circuit switching

A

Where dedicated connection is formed between two points and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission

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4
Q

Client/server model

A

A type of network that uses servers to deliver services to computers that are requesting them (clients)

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5
Q

Client-side program

A

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server

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6
Q

Commerce server

A

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the web

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7
Q

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

A

A method of designing programs that provides a methodology by which a browser can request a program file be executed instead of just being delivered to the browser

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8
Q

Computer protocol

A

A set of rules for exchanging electronic information

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9
Q

Connectionless Protocol

A

A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer

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10
Q

Connection-oriented protocol

A

A protocol for exchanging information that requires two computers to exchange control packets, thereby setting up the parameters of the data-exchange session, before sending packets that contain data

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11
Q

Document Object Model (DOM)

A

Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements

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12
Q

Domain name system server (DNS)

A

A server that maintains a database of domain names and converts domain names to Internet protocol addresses

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13
Q

Dotted decimal number

A

The form of an IP address where sets of numerals are separated by decimals

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14
Q

Dynamic addressing

A

A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where a computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of addresses

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15
Q

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

A

A protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses

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16
Q

Dynamic HTML (DHTML)

A

A combination of technologies used to create lively and interactive websites (HTML, cascading style sheets and JavaScript)

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17
Q

Element

A

In HTML, a pair of tags and the text between them

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18
Q

Encryption

A

The process of coding email so that only the person with the key to the code can decode the message

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19
Q

Handshaking

A

In a connection-oriented protocol, the process of exchanging control packets before exchanging data packets

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20
Q

Hexadecimal digit

A

A digit with 16 possible values (0-9 and A-F)

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21
Q

HTML embedded scripting language

A

A programming language that tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page
- most popular example is JavaScript

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22
Q

HTML tag

A

Tags that surround and define HTML content

23
Q

Internet cache

A

A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as IP addresses and frequently accessed web pages

24
Q

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

A

The organization that registers IP addresses to ensure they are unique and haven’t been assigned to other users

25
Q

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4)

A

The original IP addressing scheme, created in 1981

26
Q

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)

A

An IP addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer thereby providing more available addresses

27
Q

Key pair

A

The two keys used in public-key encryption

28
Q

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

A

Specifications for sending files as attachments to email

29
Q

Negative acknowledgement (NAK)

A

In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form

30
Q

Octet

A

A reference to each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number IP address

31
Q

Open system

A

A system having the characteristic of being public for access by any interested party, as opposed to a propriety system

32
Q

Optical carrier (OC) line

A

A high-speed fibre-optic line

33
Q

Packet

A

A small segment of data that is bundled for sending over transmission media
- contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it is being sent

34
Q

Packet switching

A

A communications methodology that makes computer communication efficient
- data is broken into small chunks called packets

35
Q

Point of presence

A

A bank of modems, servers, routers and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider

36
Q

Positive acknowledgement

A

In data exchange, the confirmation sent from one computer or system to another saying that the computer has received a data packet that it can read

37
Q

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)

A

A public-key package for encryption available for download on the Internet

38
Q

Private key

A

The key for decoding retained as private in public-key encryption

39
Q

Private-key encryption

A

A type of encryption where only two parties involved in sending the message have the code

40
Q

Proprietary system

A

A system having the characteristic of being closed to public access as opposed to an open system

41
Q

Public key

A

The key for coding distributed to the public in public-key encryption

42
Q

Public-key encryption

A

A type of encryption where two keys, known as key pairs, are created

  • one key is used for coding and the other decoding
  • key for coding is distributed as public key
  • private key is retained for decoding
43
Q

Root DNS server

A

A domain name system server that contains the master listings for an entire top-level domain

44
Q

Second-level domain

A

A domain that is directly below a top-level domain

45
Q

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)

A

A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet
- current versions of all major web browsers support SSL

46
Q

Server-side program

A

A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer

47
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A

The protocol responsible for sending email along the internet to its destination - part of Internet Protocol suite

48
Q

Static addressing

A

A way of assigning IP addresses where the address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an internet service provider

49
Q

T line

A

A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires

50
Q

Three-way handshake

A

In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data
- steps: one computer establishes a connection to ISP and announces it has email to send, ISP server responds that it is ready to receive, computer acknowledges the ready state and begins to transmit email

51
Q

Transmission control protocol (TCP)

A

One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet

52
Q

Transport Layer Security (TLS)

A

An updated extension of Secure Sockets Layer

53
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

An Internet Protocol that creates data packets across the Internet

54
Q

Web server

A

A computer running a specialized operating system that enables it to host web pages and to provide requested web pages to clients

CIS 1200 (13 decks)

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