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CIS 1200 > Chapter 11 - Databases > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Databases Flashcards

1
Q

Alphabetic check

A

In a database, confirms that only textual characters are entered in a field

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2
Q

Artificial intelligence (AI)

A

The branch of computer science that deals with the attempt to create computers that think like humans

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3
Q

Batch processing

A

The accumulation of transaction data until a certain point is reached, at which time several transactions are processed at once

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4
Q

Binary large object (BLOB)

A

Audio clips, video clips, pictures and extremely large documents

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5
Q

Business intelligence (BI)

A

Systems used to analyze and interpret data in order to enable managers to make informed decisions about how best to run a business

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6
Q

Business intelligence system

A

Systems used to analyze and interpret data in order to enable managers o make informed decisions about how to best run a business

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7
Q

Caption

A

A property in a database that enables the field name to display in a more meaningful or readable manner

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8
Q

Clickstream data

A

Software used on company websites to capture information about each click that users make as they navigate through the site

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9
Q

Completeness check

A

In a database, ensures that all required fields have been completed

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10
Q

Consistency check

A

In a database, compares the values of data in two or more fields to see if those values are reasonable

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11
Q

Database

A

A digital collection of related data that can be stored, sorted, organized and queried

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12
Q

Database administrator

A

An information technology professional responsible for designing, constructing and maintaining databases

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13
Q

Database management system (DBMS)

A

A specially designed application software used to create and manage databases

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14
Q

Data centralization

A

When data is maintained in only one file

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15
Q

Data dictionary

A

A map of a database that defines the features of the fields in the database

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16
Q

Data inconsistency

A

Data for a record being different in two different lists

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17
Q

Data integrity

A

When the data in a database is accurate and reliable

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18
Q

Data mart

A

Small slices of a data warehouse grouped together and separated from the main body of data in the data warehouse so that related sets of data can be analyzed

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19
Q

Data mining

A

The process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated with the objective of spotting significant patterns or trends within the data

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20
Q

Data redundancy

A

Duplicated data in a list

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21
Q

Data staging

A

The act of formatting data from source databases before fitting it into a data warehouse, consists of three steps: extraction, transformation and storage

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22
Q

Data type

A

Indicates what type of data can be stored in a field and prevents the wrong type of data from being entered into the field

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23
Q

Data warehouse

A

A large collection of data that contains and organizes in one place all the data from an organization’s multiple databases

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24
Q

Decision support system (DSS)

A

A type of business intelligence system designed to help managers develop solutions for specific problems

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25
Q

Default value

A

The value a database automatically uses for a field unless the user enters another value

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26
Q

Detail report

A

A report generated by a management information system that provides a list of the transactions that occurred during a certain time period

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27
Q

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system

A

A business intelligence system that accumulates in a central location all information relevant to running a business and makes it readily available to whoever needs it to make decisions

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28
Q

Exception report

A

A report generated by a management information system that shows conditions that are unusual or that need attention by system users

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29
Q

Expert system

A

A system that tries to replicate the decision-making processes of human experts in order to solve specific problems

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30
Q

Field

A

The component of a database in which the database stores each category of information

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31
Q

Field constraint

A

A property that must be satisfied for an entry to be accepted into the field

32
Q

Field name

A

A way of describing the information in the field

33
Q

Field properties

A

In an Access database table, the field name, data type and other data elements are considered the properties

34
Q

Field size

A

Defines the maximum number of characters that a field can hold in a database

35
Q

Filter

A

In a database, temporarily displays records that match certain criteria

36
Q

Foreign key

A

In a relational database, the common field between tables that is not the primary key

37
Q

Fuzzy logic

A

Enables the interjection of experiential learning into knowledge-based systems by allowing the consideration of probabilities

38
Q

Information system

A

A system that includes data, people, procedures, hardware, and software that help in planning and decision making

39
Q

Input forms

A

Used to control how new data is entered into a shared database

40
Q

Join query

A

A query used to extract data that is in two or more tables in a database

41
Q

Knowledge-based system

A

A business intelligence system that provides intelligence that supplements the user’s own intellect and makes the decision support system more effective

42
Q

Management information system (MIS)

A

A type of business intelligence system that provides timely and accurate information that enables managers to make critical business decisions

43
Q

Many-to-many relationship

A

In a relational database, records in one table are related to multiple records in a second table and vice versa

44
Q

Metadata

A

Data that describes other data

45
Q

Model management system

A

Software that assists in building management models in decision support systems

46
Q

Multidimensional database

A

A database that stores data from different perspectives, called dimensions, and organizes data in cube format

47
Q

Natural language processing (NLP) system

A

A knowledge-based business intelligence system that enables users to communicate with computer systems using a natural spoken or written language instead of a computer programming language

48
Q

Normalization

A

A process to ensure data is organized most efficiently in a database

49
Q

Numeric check

A

In a database, confirms that only numbers are entered in a field

50
Q

Object-oriented database

A

A database that stores data in objects rather than in tables

51
Q

Object Query Language (OQL)

A

A query language used by many object-oriented databases

52
Q

One-to-many relationship

A

In a relational database, a record appears only once in one table while having the capability of appearing many times in a related table

53
Q

One-to-one relationship

A

In a relational database, each record in a table has only one corresponding record in a related table

54
Q

Online analytical processing (OLAP)

A

Software that provides standardized tools for viewing and manipulating data in a data warehouse

55
Q

Online transaction processing (OLTP)

A

The real-time processing of database transactions online

56
Q

Primary key field

A

In a database, a field that has a value unique to a record

57
Q

Query

A

In a database, a way of retrieving information that defines a particular subset of data
- used to extract data from one or more tables

58
Q

Query language

A

A specially designed computer language used to manipulate data in or extract data from a database

59
Q

Range check

A

Ensures that data entered into the field of a database falls within a certain range of values

60
Q

Real-time processing

A

The processing of database transactions in which the database is updated while the transaction is taking place

61
Q

Record

A

A group of related files in a database

62
Q

Referential integrity

A

In a relational database, a condition where, for each value in the foreign key table, there is a corresponding value in the primary key table

63
Q

Relational algebra

A

The use of English like expressions that have variables and operations, much like algebraic equations, to extract data from databases using Structured Query Language

64
Q

Relational database

A

A database type that organizes data into related tables based on logical groupings

65
Q

Relationship

A

In a relational database, a link between tables that defines how the data is related

66
Q

Select query

A

In Structured Query Language, displays a subset of data from a table based on the criteria specified

67
Q

Structured data

A

Data such as “Bill” or “345” as opposed to unstructured data

68
Q

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A

A database programming language used to construct queries to extract data from relational databases
- example of a 4GL

69
Q

Summary report

A

A report generated by a management information system that provides a consolidated picture of detailed data; these reports usually include some calculation or visual displays of information

70
Q

Table

A

A group of related records in a database

71
Q

Time-variant data

A

Data that doesn’t pertain to one period in time

72
Q

Transaction-processing system (TPS)

A

A type of business intelligence system for keeping track of everyday business activities

73
Q

Unstructured data

A

Audio clips, video clips, pictures and extremely large documents (aka BLOB)

74
Q

Validation

A

The process of ensuring that data entered into a field of database meets specified guidelines

75
Q

Validation rule

A

In a database, generally defined as part of the data dictionary and specified in the field properties for each field
- violations result in an error message and suggested action

CIS 1200 (13 decks)

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