Chapter 5 Stereotypes, Discrimination, & Prejudice Flashcards
Stereotype
A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics
Prejudice
Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership
in certain groups.
Discrimination
Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group
Bias
Preferring members of our own group
* Ingroup (our group)
* Outgroup (any other group)
Explicit Prejudice
- Explicit prejudice is conscious and deliberate
- People who are explicitly prejudiced know they are prejudiced
Implicit Prejudice
- Automatic, difficult-to-control associations between groups and positivity/negativity
- People are not always consciously aware they have these attitudes
Racism
Prejudice and discrimination
based on a person’s racial
background, or institutional and
cultural practices that promote the
domination of one racial group over
another
Sexism
Prejudice and discrimination
based on a person’s gender, or
institutional and cultural practices
that promote the domination of one
gender over another.
Modern racism
A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize
Aversive racism
Racism that concerns the ambivalence between fair-minded attitudes and beliefs, on the one hand, and unconscious and
unrecognized prejudicial feelings and beliefs, on the other hand
Implicit racism
Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally.
Ambivalent sexism
A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings.
Stigmatized
Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic.
Hostile sexism
Negative, resentful feelings about women.
Benevolent sexism
Affectionate, chivalrous feelings founded on belief that women need and deserve protection
Realistic Conflict Theory
Direct competition between groups for resources breeds hostility
Relative Deprivation Theory
Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others
Social Identity Theory
The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem
Ingroup favouritism
The tendency to discriminate in favour of ingroups over outgroups.
Social Categorization
The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes
Ingroups
Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity.
Outgroups
Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity.
Outgroup homogeneity effect
The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups.
Contact hypothesis
The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions.
Contact hypothesis works under what conditions?
- Equal status
-Common goals - Cooperative activities
- Structural support
Stereotype threat
The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one’s group
