Chapter 5 Stereotypes, Discrimination, & Prejudice

Question 1

Stereotype

Answer 1

A belief or association that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics

Question 2

Prejudice

Answer 2

Negative feelings toward persons based on their membership
in certain groups.

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Behavior directed against persons because of their membership in a particular group

Question 4

Bias

Answer 4

Preferring members of our own group
* Ingroup (our group)
* Outgroup (any other group)

Question 5

Explicit Prejudice

Answer 5

• Explicit prejudice is conscious and deliberate
• People who are explicitly prejudiced know they are prejudiced

Question 6

Implicit Prejudice

Answer 6

• Automatic, difficult-to-control associations between groups and positivity/negativity
• People are not always consciously aware they have these attitudes

Question 7

Racism

Answer 7

Prejudice and discrimination
based on a person’s racial
background, or institutional and
cultural practices that promote the
domination of one racial group over
another

Question 8

Sexism

Answer 8

Prejudice and discrimination
based on a person’s gender, or
institutional and cultural practices
that promote the domination of one
gender over another.

Question 9

Modern racism

Answer 9

A form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize

Question 10

Aversive racism

Answer 10

Racism that concerns the ambivalence between fair-minded attitudes and beliefs, on the one hand, and unconscious and
unrecognized prejudicial feelings and beliefs, on the other hand

Question 11

Implicit racism

Answer 11

Racism that operates unconsciously and unintentionally.

Question 12

Ambivalent sexism

Answer 12

A form of sexism characterized by attitudes about women that reflect both negative, resentful beliefs and feelings and affectionate and chivalrous but potentially patronizing beliefs and feelings.

Question 13

Stigmatized

Answer 13

Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, and devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic.

Question 14

Hostile sexism

Answer 14

Negative, resentful feelings about women.

Question 15

Benevolent sexism

Answer 15

Affectionate, chivalrous feelings founded on belief that women need and deserve protection

Question 16

Realistic Conflict Theory

Answer 16

Direct competition between groups for resources breeds hostility

Question 17

Relative Deprivation Theory

Answer 17

Feelings of discontent aroused by the belief that one fares poorly compared with others

Question 18

Social Identity Theory

Answer 18

The theory that people favor ingroups over outgroups in order to enhance their self-esteem

Question 19

Ingroup favouritism

Answer 19

The tendency to discriminate in favour of ingroups over outgroups.

Question 20

Social Categorization

Answer 20

The classification of persons into groups on the basis of common attributes

Question 21

Ingroups

Answer 21

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership, belonging, and identity.

Question 22

Outgroups

Answer 22

Groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership, belonging, or identity.

Question 23

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 23

The tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among members of outgroups than among members of ingroups.

Question 24

Contact hypothesis

Answer 24

The theory that direct contact between hostile groups will reduce intergroup prejudice under certain conditions.

Question 25

Contact hypothesis works under what conditions?

Answer 25

• Equal status
  -Common goals
• Cooperative activities
• Structural support

Question 26

Stereotype threat

Answer 26

The experience of concern about being evaluated based on negative stereotypes about one’s group