Chapter 4 Perceiving Persons

Question 1

overgeneralization hypothesis

Answer 1

We infer personality characteristics based on similarity if ones appear with learned associations

Question 2

A common example of over generalization

Answer 2

Baby face

Question 3

Truth bias

Answer 3

Preference to think people are telling the truth

Question 4

Which emotions are universal

Answer 4

Happy, sad, anger, disgust

Question 5

When is it easier to understand more complicated emotions

Answer 5

When the person is of the same race

Question 6

Face in the crowd effect

Answer 6

Threatening or angry faces are detected more efficiently among a crowd than happy faces

Question 7

Why are we able to identify threatening faces more efficiently

Answer 7

Because it indicates threat and important for us to detect to avoid and respond quickly

Question 8

Theory of mind

Answer 8

Perceiving minds in others

Question 9

Attribution theory

Answer 9

Observing and analyzing others to explain their behaviour to understand why they do what they do

Question 10

Personal/intrinsic

Answer 10

Internal reasonings. Ex: anger person

Question 11

Situational/extrinsic

Answer 11

The environment or external causes of behaviour

Question 12

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 12

Tendency to overlook the impact of a situation and attribute someone’s actions to his or her disposition

Question 13

Perceived factors: motivation

Answer 13

Our goals/ beliefs influence how we perceive others

Question 14

Perceived factors: belief

Answer 14

People believe in a just world. People get what they deserve

Question 15

Perceive factors: emotions

Answer 15

Current mood can also shift people’s attributions

Question 16

Why do people stereotype when they’re happy

Answer 16

Takes less efforts rely on characteristics and wants to stay happy

Question 17

Negativity bias

Answer 17

The tendency for negative information to a more heavily on our impressions and positive information

Question 18

Primacy effect

Answer 18

Learning about some traits first influence how all subsequent traits are perceived

Question 19

Confirmation bias

Answer 19

Once first impression formed, people have the tendency to look for information to confirm that impression rather than to disconfirm

Question 20

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

Process by which our expectations about a person lead to that person behaving in a way that confirm our expectations

Question 21

Emotional overgeneralization

Answer 21

Basing your view on a person based on how their face sits (resting “angry” face )

Question 22

Deception detection

Answer 22

Cannot tell is someone is lying

Question 23

According to the video, “Should you trust your first impression?,” which of the following has the most impact on our first impressions?

Answer 23

Negative and highly immoral

Question 24

According to the video, “Why Some People Find Exercise Harder Than Others,” fit people ____________ compared to unfit people.

Answer 24

Sees distances as shorter

Question 25

According to the study conducted by Bernstein and colleagues (2008), who is best able to tell the difference between a real and a fake smile?

Answer 25

Socially excluded people

Question 26

The tendency to think that victims of hurricanes are irresponsible and naive for not evacuating their homes before the storm hits is most likely to result from which of the following tendencies?

Answer 26

Belief in a just world

Question 27

In Darley & Gross’ (1983) famous “Hannah” study

Answer 27

participants thought “rich” Hannah had greater potential

Question 28

Two step process of impressions

Answer 28

1.form impressions (automatic)
2. Update impressions for context (takes effort and needs to be willing to do this )

Question 29

Two dimensions of perception

Answer 29

Intentions/trustworthiness
Abilit /competence/dominance

Question 30

How do We evaluate others when it comes to intentions and trustworthiness

Answer 30

To see if they are friendly, trustworthy, warm, their attractiveness. Threat, good or bad intentions

Question 31

How do we evaluate others when it comes to ability competence and dominance

Answer 31

To see if they are able to act on their intentions, physically strong, competent, dominant, intelligent

Question 32

Social Perception

Answer 32

The processes by which people come to understand one another

Question 33

Mind perception

Answer 33

The process by which people attribute human-like mental states to various animate and inanimate objects, including other people