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PSY124 Social Psychology > Chapter 11 Aggression > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Aggression Flashcards

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1
Q

Aggression

A

Behaviour intended to harm another individual

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2
Q

Instrumental/proactive aggression

A

Aggressive behaviour whereby harm is inflicted as a means to a desired end

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3
Q

Emotional/ reactive aggression

A

Aggressive behaviour where the means and the end coincide; harm is inflicted for its own sake

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4
Q

corporal punishment

A

Physical force (i.e., spanking/hitting) intended to cause a child pain - but not injury- for the purpose of controlling or correcting the child’s behaviour

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5
Q

Social learning theory

A

The theory that behaviour is learned through the observation of others as well as through the direct experience of rewards and punishments

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6
Q

Catharsis

A

A reduction of the motive to aggress that is said to result from any imagined, observed, or actual act of aggression
- Releasing the aggression through action

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7
Q

weapons effect

A

The tendency that the likelihood of aggression will increase by the mere presence of weapons

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8
Q

Prosocial

A

Altruism, helping behaviour

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9
Q

Asocial

A

Being on your own, not doing anything with anyone

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10
Q

Antisocial

A

Aggression, violence, hurtful destructive behaviour

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11
Q

Violence

A

Aggression with the goal of extreme harm, including injury or death

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12
Q

Hormone linked with aggression

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

Dual hormone hypothesis

A

Testosterone: aggression increases testosterone and vice versa
Cortisol (stress hormone): triggers behavioural inhibition

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14
Q

Cultures of honour

A

Emphasizes honour and social status, particularly for men

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15
Q

Bullying

A

Bullying is common in all cultures

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16
Q

Who commits violent crimes?

A

Ages 14-24 years

17
Q

Who’s more aggressive? Men or women

A

Men are more physically aggressive and are just as relationally aggressive as women

18
Q

World Aggression over time

A

The world has become less aggressive

19
Q

Evolutionary theories: Aggression

A

For males: Aggression is high risk/high reward
Females prefer high-status males
Aggression is a way of displaying/maintaining status

20
Q

What causes Male vs. Female violence

A

Sexual jealously

21
Q

Is aggression a learned behaviour?

A

YES

22
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Aggression is reinforced when it produces desired outcomes

23
Q

Negatively reinforced

A

Aggression is reinforced because it prevents or stops undesirable outcomes

24
Q

Punishment can reduce aggressive behaviour ONLY when the punishment…

A
  • immediately follows the aggressive behaviour
  • is strong enough to deter the aggressor
  • is consistently applied
  • is perceived as fair and legitimate by the aggressor
25
Q

Desensitization

A

People habituate to violent media
- Reduced empathy for victims
- Blunted physiological responses

26
Q

Frustration- Aggression hypothesis (1939)

A

(a) aggression is a response to frustration
(b) all aggression is the result of frustration

27
Q

Frustration

A

Response to blocking of goal-directed behaviour
psychological drive that propels the individual towards actions to decrease the drive

28
Q

Displacement

A

If we can’t’ aggress against the source of the frustration, we aggress against another target, thus displacing the arousal

29
Q

Is catharsis a healthy method for dealing with aggression?

A

NO

30
Q

Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis Revised

A

Negative events (pain, loud noise, frustration, jealousy, odors, threat, etc.) lead to negative affect (bad mood) which then can lead to aggression

31
Q

Situational factors on aggression

A

Pain/aversive event
heat
intensity of arousal
crowding
aggression cues

32
Q

Influence of alcohol

A
  • Alcohol myopia: narrowing of our attention; we only focus on what’s salient
  • Difficult to predict consequences
  • Less self-awareness and self-control
    These factors can promote aggressive behaviour
33
Q

How can we reduce aggression?

A
  • Reduce stressors
  • Teach and model nonviolent responses to frustrations and problems
  • Emphasize cooperation over competitiveness
  • Change cost-reward payoffs associated with aggression

PSY124 Social Psychology (11 decks)

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