Chapter 5 - Socialization Flashcards
What is the process through which people are taught to understand societal norms and expectations, accept society’s beliefs, and be aware of societal values?
Socialization
Which psychoanalyst focused most on development, and believed that not following development stages results in emotional and psychological consequences in adulthood?
Sigmund Freud
Who created a theory of personality development over eight stages, and believed that personality was never truly finished forming?
Erik Erikson
Which psychologist focused on the role of social interactions in child development and the difference between the mind and reality?
Jean Piaget
Who is known for studying the role of social relationships in human development by observing the impact of isolation and maternal deprivation on the development of young monkeys?
Harry Harlow
Who created the process asserting that people’s self understanding is constructed by how others view them (the looking glass self)?
Charles Cooley
What is a person’s distinct sense of identity that is developed through social interaction?
The self
Who studied socializations impact on ‘the self’
George Herbert Mead
What are the four stages of development, as described by George H. Mead?
Preparatory, Play, Game and understanding the Generalized Other
What term describes the common behavioral expectations of a general society?
Generalized Other
Which of Mead’s stages describe when children are only capable of imitation, and have no ability to imagine how others see things?
Preparatory Stage
Which of Mead’s stages describe when children begin to take on the role that another person might have (playing with makeup, dressing up, etc) ?
Play Stage
Which of Mead’s stages describe when children learn to consider several roles at the same time and how they interact (restaurant workers - waitress, buser, cashier) ?
Game Stage
What is the final stage of development (according to Mead) where children understand the behavioral expectations of general society?
Generalized Other
What refers to the way people learn what society considers “good” and “bad?”
Moral Development
Who created the theory of moral development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
What are the three levels of moral development according to Kohlberg?
Preconventional, Conventional, and Postconventional
What researcher contradicted the work of Kohlberg, claiming that males and females were different because of their types of socialization ?
Carol Gilligan
What is the ongoing psychological and sociological debate?
nature vs nurture
Why is socialization important for individuals and the society?
Allows them both to survive
What are the different levels of socialization?
Family, Peers, Institutions (school, work, religion, govt, media)
What group is made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests?
Peer group
What is the informal teaching done by schools done to reinforce societal expectations?
Hidden curriculum
What distributes impersonal information to a wide audience, via television, newspapers, radio and the internet?
Mass media
What is it called when someone prepares for a future life role?
Anticipatory Socialization
What is the process where old behaviors, helpful to a previous role, are unlearned because they are no loner useful?
Resocialization
What is the event where new members to an institution lose the aspects of their old identity and are given new ones (solider, elder, prisoner)?
Degradation Ceremony
