Chapter 11 - Race and Ethnicity Flashcards
a group of humankind based on shared physical or social qualities that can vary from one society to another
race
who divided humans into five races
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
racial categories are created from society rather than biologically determined
social construction of race
trait based on shared culture like practices, norms, values, beliefs like language, religion, and traditions.
ex: Caucasian, Hispanic, African American, etc
ethnicity
any group of people who are discriminated against because of their physical or cultural characteristics. term described by Louis Wirth
minority group
used interchangeably with the term minority group
subordinate group
substituted for the group that represents rulers or majority with access to power and privilege
dominant group
theory suggesting that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group
scapegoat theory
which perspective views racism as something to strengthen bonds in in-groups, making it important in society
functionalism
which perspective sees race and ethnicity as strong symbols and sources of identity and interactions
interactionism
which perspective sees race and ethnicity as a continuous dividing factor, increasing inequalities
conflict theory
Theory developed by Patricia Hill Collins, suggesting we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, etc.
Intersection Theory
the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture
culture of prejudice
oversimplified generalizations about groups of people
stereotypes
the beliefs, thoughts, feelings and attitudes someone holds about a group, outside of actual experience
prejudice
actions against a group of people based on race, ethnicity, age, religion, etc
discrimination
the societal privilege that benefits white people, or perceive white, over non-white people
white privilege
a type of prejudice and discrimination used by racial dominant groups to maximize advantages for itself
racism
prejudice and discrimination executed by individuals consciously and unconsciously
individual/ interpersonal racism
systems and structures that have procedures or processes that disadvantage racial minority groups
systemic racism
a type of systemic racism involving singling out racial minorities for differential, harsher treatment
racial profiling
economic inequality or social disparity caused by past racism
historical racism
the assumption of inferiority of one or more races builds into the culture of a society
cultural racism
a form of racism in which someone believes one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a social group
colorism
an avoidance of racial language by European-Americans that ignored the fact that racism continues to be an issue
color-avoidance racism
when real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race
racial steering
the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and businesses located in predominately minority communities
redlining
described the intergenerations impact of both practical and legalized racism that limits the abilities of Black people to accumulate wealth
sedimentation or racial inequality
a great mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the whole
pluralism
the process by which a minority individual or group gives up its own identity by taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture
assimilation
the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group
amalgamation
the deliberate annihilation of a targeted group
genocide
when a subordinate group is forced, by a dominant group, to leave a certain area or country
expulsion
the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions
segregation
a stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching significant educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without challenging the existing establishment
model minority
