Chapter 21 - Social Movements and Social Change Flashcards
a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time
flash mobs
noninstitutionalized (not mandated) activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage
ex: flash mobs
collective behavior
a fairly large number of people in close proximity
ex: concert, tailgating
crowd
crowd of people who are in the same place at the same time but who aren’t really interacting
ex: line at post office
casual crowds
crowd of people who come together for a scheduled event that occurs regularly
ex: religious service
conventional crowd
crowd of people who join together to express emotion
ex: funerals, weddings, etc
expressive crowds
crowds that focus on a specific goal or action
ex: protest, riot
acting crowds
a relatively large number of people with a common interest, though they may not be in close proximity
ex: hayday players
a mass
an unorganized, relatively diffused group of people who share ideas
ex: a political party
a public
a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior
emergent norm theory
a functionalist perspective based on the idea that several conditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur
value-added theory
a system for understanding collective behavior that credited individuals in crowds as rational beings. based on collective action
assembling perspective
purposeful, organized groups that strive to work toward a common social goal
ex: antitobacco movement
social movements
working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes
ex:FOAM (organic agriculture mvmnt)
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
movement that seeks to change something specific about the social structure
ex: mothers against Drunk driving
reform movements
movement that seeks to completely change every aspect of society
ex: Texas Secede
revolutionary movement
movement that is ‘meaning seeking’ and works to provoke inner change or spiritual growth in individuals
ex: heavens gate, branch davidians
Religious/Redemptive Movements
movements focused on self-improvement and limited, specific changes to individual beliefs and behavior
ex: macrobiotic diet, meditation
alternative movements
Movement that seeks to prevent or undo change to the social structure
ex: prolife, Ku Klux Klan
resistance movement
theory explaining movement success in terms of the ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals
resource mobilization theory
single social movement groups, with the same goals that constitute a a social movement industry (SMI)
social movement organizations (SMOs)
the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals
social movement sector
the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals
social movement industry
a social problem that is state in a clear, easily understood manner
ex: anti-gay movements “no gay, period”
diagnostic framing
second type of framing that offers a solution and states how it will be implemented.
ex: restrict marriage to “one man/one woman”
prognostic framing
third type of framing that is the call to action.
ex: action encouraging you to disapprove of gay marriage
motivational framing
using bridging, amplification, extension and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement
frame alignment process
theory attempting to explain proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to analyze using traditional theories
new social movement theory
the change in society created through social movements as well as external factors like environmental shifts or technology innovations
social change
the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people
ex: wikipedia
crowdsourcing
the four key elements that affect social change
environment, technology, social institutions, and population
describes the processes that increase the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies resulting in the move from an undeveloped society to a developed, technologically driven society
modernization
