Chapter 5 - Sleep

Question 1

any re peating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and walking cycles or changes in body temperature

Sleep is an innate ___ ___: cannot be complete ignored.

Answer 1

biological rhythm

Question 2

Light and dark help tie sleep ___ to 24-hour days

Answer 2

rhythms

Question 3

Normal range of sleep ____ per night
Short sleepers: Average __ hours per night
Long sleepers: Average __ or more hours

Answer 3

7-8
5
9

Question 4

Awake and alert

Small, fast brain waves associated with being awake and alert

Answer 4

Beta Waves

Question 5

Immediately Before sleep; slower and larger waves

Large, slow brain waves are associated with relaxation and falling asleep

Answer 5

Alpha Waves

Question 6

Dreaming and return of high-frequency brain waves

Stage of sleep marked by rapid eye movements, high frequency brain waves and dreaming

Answer 6

REM sleep

Question 7

Occurs during all sleep stages

Non-rapid eye movement sleep characteristic of sleep stages 1,2, 3, 4

Answer 7

non-REM (NREM) sleep

Question 8

Levels of sleep identified by brain-wave patterns and behavioral changes

Answer 8

sleep stages

Question 9

Device that records electrical activity in the brain

Answer 9

electroencephalograph (EEG)

Question 10

Awake = Beta waves
Eyes closed, relaxed = alpha waves
Stage 1 = small, irregular waves
Stage 2 = Sleep Spindles
Stage 3 = Delta Waves appear
Stage 4 = Mostly Delta

Question 11

Swift eye movements during sleep

Answer 11

rapid eye movements (REMs)

Question 12

marked by small, irregular brain waves and some alpha waves

Answer 12

light sleep (stage 1) sleep

Question 13

distinctive bursts of brain-wave activity that indicate a person is asleep

Answer 13

sleep spindles

Question 14

Large, slow brain waves that occur in deeper sleep (stages 3 and 4

Answer 14

delta waves

Question 15

the deepest form of normal sleep

Answer 15

deep sleep (stage 4 sleep)

Question 16

the occurrence of extra rapid eye movement sleep following REM sleep deprivation

Answer 16

REM rebound

Question 17

proposals that lowering body and brain activity and metabolism during sleep may help conserve energy and lengthen life

Answer 17

repair/restorative theories of sleep

Question 18

being prevented from getting desired or needed amounts of sleep

Answer 18

sleep deprivation

Question 19

a brief shift in brain-wave patterns to those of sleep

Answer 19

microsleeps

Question 20

a major disruption of mental and emotional functioning brought about by sleep loss

Answer 20

sleep-deprivation psychosis

Question 21

strongly heald thought ot beleife that is at odds with reality

Answer 21

delusion

Question 22

a psychosis marked by severe delusions of grandeur, jealousy, persecution, or similar preoccupations

Answer 22

Delusional disorder

Question 23

perception with no basis in reality

Answer 23

hallucination

Question 24

any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces

Answer 24

psychodynamic theories

Question 25

freudian beleif that many dreams express uncoscious desires

Answer 25

wish fullfillment

Question 26

images that have deeper symbolic meaning

Answer 26

dream symbols

Question 27

the surface, visibile content of a dream, dream images as the dreamer remembers them

Answer 27

manifest content

Question 28

hidden, symbolic meaning of a dream, as revealed by dream interpretation and analysis

Answer 28

latent content

Question 29

proposition that dreams are how brains process the random electrical disccharges of REM sleep

Answer 29

activation-synthesis

Question 30

proposal that dreams reflect everyday waking thoughts and emotions

Answer 30

neurocognitive dream theory

Question 31

difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep

Answer 31

insomina disorder

Question 32

caused by worry, stress, and excitement

Answer 32

temporary insomina

Question 33

caused by withdrawal from sleeping pills

Answer 33

drug dependency insomnia

Question 34

sudden sleep attacks, occur anywhere, anytime

Answer 34

narcolepsy

Question 35

breathing stops for a period of time

Answer 35

sleep apnea

Question 36

sleep walking, sleep talking, and sleep sex

Answer 36

disorder of arousal

Question 37

bad dreams that take place during REM sleep

Answer 37

nightmares

Question 38

person suffers total panic and may hallucinate frightening dream images into the bedroom

Answer 38

sleep terrors

Question 39

- Hobson and McCarley - During REM sleep, lower brain centers are activated in random fashion - Brain tries to interpret random information by searching through stored memories and creates dreams

Answer 39

Activations- Synthesis Hypothesis

Question 40

- Domhoff - Dreams have much in common with waking thought - Dreams are conscious expressions of REM sleep processes that sort and store daily experiences - No deeper, symbolic meaning to dreams

Answer 40

Neurocognitive Dream Theory

Question 41

difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep

Answer 41

Insomnia disorder

Question 42

caused by worry, stress, and excitement

Answer 42

Temporary insomnia

Question 43

caused by withdrawal from sleeping pills

Answer 43

Drug-dependency insomnia

Question 44

Behavioral Remedies for Insomnia

Answer 44

Relaxation - Stimulus Control Exercise - Sleep restriction Food intake - Paradoxical intention stimulant avoidance

Question 45

The pattern of internal bodily changes that occurs at times of relaxtion

Answer 45

relaxation response

Question 46

a substance that increases activity in the body and nervous system

Answer 46

Stimulant Avoidance (upper)

Question 47

linking a particular response with a specific stimuli

Answer 47

stimulus controls