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Intro To PSYCH > Ch 7: Memory part 1 > Flashcards

Ch 7: Memory part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Series of active systems that receive, store, organize, alter, and recover information

A

Memory

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2
Q

Stores sensory information for a second or two

A

Sensory (types of memory)

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3
Q

processes information through the process of maintenance rehearsal

A

short-term (working) (type of memory)

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4
Q

Requires encoding and storage, so that it can later be retrieved

A

Long-term (types of memory)

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5
Q

Sensory Input –>Sensory memory–>selective attention –>short-term (working) memory –>long term memory (LTM)

A

Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory

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6
Q

Thought to have a small capacity and relatively short duration (approx 20 seconds). Information is subject to mental activity, valuation, and comparison with other things we know.

A

Working memory

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7
Q

“amount” depends on the type of information

  • sounds, mental images, or combination
A

Capacity of working memory

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8
Q

according to Miller, memory is limited to seven plus or minus two

  • meaningful units of information such as numbers, letters, words, or phrases
A

Information bits

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9
Q

Process of grouping similar or meaningful information together
- recodes or recognizes information into units

A

Chunking

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10
Q

repeating the same sounds over and over keeps them in working memory. without rehearsal, memories rapidly decay from memory

A

Maintenace rehersal

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11
Q

learning by simple repetition

A

rote rehearsal

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12
Q

makes information more meaningful, and a better way to form lasting memories. meaning of information. form links between new and existing information

A

elaborative rehearsal

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13
Q

a storage system that can hold a great deal of information for a lengthy period of time

A

long-term memory

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14
Q

lies outside of awareness

A

implicit (types of long-term memory)

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15
Q

stores information from your personal life, factual information

A

explicit (types of long-term memory)

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16
Q

facilitating the retrieval of an implicit memory by using cues to activate hidden memories

  • long-term memory is organized according to meaning, making some information more accessible
A

priming

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17
Q

Those outside of awareness:
1. Those things that require motor of performance skills such as typing or driving
2. classical and instrumental conditioning
3. priming - long-term memory is organized according to meaning, making some information more accessible

A

Implicit Memory

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18
Q

refers to memories that lie outside of awareness

A

Implicit Memory

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19
Q

Stores information from personal life, names, faces, words, dates, and ideas

A

Explicit Memory

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20
Q

Factual knowledge about the world, some knowledge is almost immune to forgetting

A

semantic memory

21
Q

autobiographical, personal experience, life experience, life events, unless important easily forgotten

A

Episodic memory

22
Q

a subpart of declarative memory that records impersonal knowledge about the world

A

semantic (types of long-term memory)

23
Q

a subpart of declarative memory that records personal experiences that are linked with specific times and places

A

episodic (types of long-term memory)

24
Q

assists in consolidation

A

sleep

25
Q

is important in consolidation: part of the limbic system and acts as a switch between working and long-term memory

A

hippocampus

26
Q

positive correlation between intensity of ___ and ability to remember.

A

emotion

27
Q

recollections that are detailed or unusually vivid
- activate the limbic system, but are not always accurate

A

flashbulb memory

28
Q

Think about the object and its meaning, considering connections to it in memory network

Levels of processing effect: more likely to be encoded than that which is superficial information

A

Deep Processing

29
Q

finding associations in everyday life, put information into meaningful groups

A

chunking

30
Q

short study sessions with brief rest periods

A

spaced practiced

31
Q

especially vivid ones, or mix words and images

A

mental images

32
Q

imposing an artificial organization on material if no one is naturally present

A

mnemonics

33
Q

Interference
- retroactive
- proactive
Motivated forgetting
- repression
- suppression

A

Forgetting

34
Q

converting information into a form to be retained in memory

A

encoding

35
Q

holding information in memory for later use

A

storage

36
Q

recovery of stored information

A

retrieval

37
Q

any information that can prompt or trigger the retrieval of particular memories. retrieval cues usually enhance memory

A

retrieval cue

38
Q

process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of association to other, related memories

A

redintegration

39
Q

process by which relatively permanent memories are formed in the brain

A

consolidation

40
Q

failure to store sufficient information to form a useful memory

A

encoding failure

41
Q

retrieval of information with minimum of external cues

A

recall

42
Q

when remembering an order list, the tendency to make the most errors with middle items

A

serial position effect

43
Q

ability to correctly identify previously learned information

A

recognition

44
Q

learning again something that was previously learned. used to measure memory of prior learning

A

relearning

45
Q

failure to access (locate) memories even though they are available (stored in memory).

A

retrieval failure

46
Q

inability to form or retrieve memories or events due to an injury or trauma

A

amnesia

47
Q

a practice schedule that alternate study periods with brief rests

A

spaced practice

48
Q

a practice schedule in which studying continues for long periods, without interruption

A

massed practice

49
Q

mental pictures or visual depictions used in memory and thinking

A

mental images

Intro To PSYCH (10 decks)

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