Chapter 10: Motivation

Question 1

a process that arouses, maintains, a guides a behavior toward a goal

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

an internal deficiency that may energize behavior

Answer 2

need

Question 3

a state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst, that arises from an unmet need.

Answer 3

drive

Question 4

any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior.

Answer 4

response

Question 5

The target or object of motivated behavior

Answer 5

goal

Question 6

->Need ->Drive->Response->Goal->

Answer 6

<-(Need Reduction)<—-

Question 7

a reward or other stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 7

incentive

Question 8

proposes that needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are critical motivational needs.

Answer 8

self-determination theory

Question 9

our desire to experience mastery over our environment

Answer 9

competence

Question 10

our desire to control our own lives

Answer 10

autonomy

Question 11

our desire to be connected to, and care for other people

Answer 11

relatedness

Question 12

desire to engage in a behavior based on internal rewards

Answer 12

intrinsic motivation

Question 13

motivation that comes from outside of the person

Answer 13

extrinsic motivation

Question 14

Maslow’s classification of human motivations by order of importance from basic biological function to self-actualization

Answer 14

hierarchy of needs

Question 15

the first four levels of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy; lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs.

Answer 15

basic needs

Question 16

in Maslow’s hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization

• strive to achieve potential

Answer 16

growth needs

Question 17

innate motives based on needs that must be met for survival. Hunger, thirst, pain avoidance, need for air, sleep

Answer 17

biological motives

Question 18

innate needs for stimulation and information; curiosity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact

Answer 18

stimulus motives

Question 19

motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals

Answer 19

learned motives

Question 20

4 basic needs

Answer 20

• Physiological needs (air, food, sleep, water)
• Safety and Security
• Love and Belonging
• Esteem and Self-esteem

Question 21

1 Growth Need

Answer 21

Self- Actualization ( wholeness, perfection, completion, justice, goodness)

Question 22

The steady state of body equilibrium

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

a drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states

Answer 23

non-homeostatic

Question 24

a 24 hour biological cycle found in humans and many other species

Answer 24

circadian rhythm

Question 25

Thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells

Answer 25

extracellular thirst

Question 26

Thirst triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cells

Answer 26

Intracellular thirst

Question 27

a small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs

Answer 27

hypothalamus

Question 28

The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating

Answer 28

set point

Question 29

a summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance

Answer 29

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 30

learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture

Answer 30

social motives

Question 31

the desire to have a social impact and control over others

Answer 31

need for power

Question 32

States that strong emotions tend to be followed by the opposite emotional state

Answer 32

opponent-process theory