Chapter 2 - Brain & Behavior

Question 1

What are the two main branches of the nervous system?

Answer 1

central and peripheral

Question 2

The Central Nervous System (CNS).

Answer 2

Brain and the spinal cord.

Question 3

A column of nerves that transmits information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

Spinal cord

Question 4

Major nerves that carry sensory and motor messages in and out of the spinal cord

Answer 4

Spinal nerves

Question 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 5

The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

a cell in the nervous system that transmits information

Answer 6

neuron

Question 7

large bundles of many neuron fibers (called axons). or a bundle of neuron axons.

Answer 7

Nerves

Question 8

Major nerves that leave the brain without passing through the spinal cord

Answer 8

cranial nerves

Question 9

The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) can be divided into two major parts which are?

Answer 9

The somatic nervous system (SNS) & The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 10

A network linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs.

Answer 10

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 11

The collection of axons that carry information to and from internal organs and glands

Answer 11

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 12

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be divided into two branches:

Answer 12

Sympathetic & parasympathetic

Question 13

The division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal

initiates “fight or flight”

Answer 13

sympathetic nervous system

Question 14

The division of the autonomic nervous system that quiets the body and conserves energy

Answer 14

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 15

Four basic parts of a neuron:

Answer 15

1- Dendrite
2- Cell Body
3 - Axon
4 - Axon terminals

Question 16

Neuron fibers that receive incoming messages

look like tree roots

Answer 16

dendrites

Question 17

The part of the neuron or other cell that contains the nucleus of the cell. Soma - Receives information from the dendrites

Answer 17

Cell Body

Question 18

the fiber that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron.

Answer 18

Axon

Question 19

bulb-shaped structures at the ends of axons that form synapses with the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons.

Answer 19

axon terminals

Question 20

electrically charged molecules called __ are found inside and outside of the each neuron.

Answer 20

ions

Question 21

The electrical charge of an inactive neuron

Answer 21

resting potential

Question 22

In neurons, the point at which a nerve impulse is triggered

Answer 22

threshold

Question 23

a brief change in a neurons electrical charge

Answer 23

action potential

Question 24

insulating material that covers some axons

Answer 24

myelin sheath

Question 25

a microscopic space over which messages pass between two neurons

Answer 25

synapse

Question 26

the chemical process that carries information from one neuron to another

Answer 26

synaptic transmission

Question 27

a chemical that moves information from one nervous system cell to another moves information from one neuron to another - into the synaptic gap.

Answer 27

neurotransmitter

Question 28

an area on the surface of neurons and other cells that is sensitive to neurotransmitters or hormones.

Answer 28

receptor sites

Question 29

The capacity of the brain to change in response to experience

Answer 29

neuroplasticity

Question 30

The production of new brain cells

Answer 30

neurogenesis

Question 31

The research strategy of linking specific structure in the brain to specific psychological or behavioral functions

Answer 31

localize function

Question 32

The thin, wrinkled outer covering of the brain in which high-level processes take place

Answer 32

cerebral cortex

Question 33

an increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex

Answer 33

corticalization

Question 34

The coortex is composed of two sides, or ___ ____.

Answer 34

cerebral hemispheres

Question 35

The left and right sides of the cerebral cortex; interconnected by the corpus callosum.

Answer 35

cerebral hemispheres

Question 36

Differences between the two sides of the body, especially differences in the abilities of the brain hemispheres

Answer 36

lateralization

Question 37

The left and right brains have different information processing styles. The right brain _____ vs the left brains ____

Answer 37

The right brain gets the big pattern; the left focuses on small details.

Question 38

a surgical procedure that involves cutting the corpus callosum

Answer 38

split-brain operation

Question 39

sense of self, motor control, and higher mental abilities such as reasoning and planning

Answer 39

frontal lobe

Question 40

sensation such as touch, temperature, and pressure

Answer 40

parietal lobe

Question 41

primary function of this lobe - vision

Answer 41

Occipital

Question 42

posture, coordination, muscle tone, and memory of skills and habits

Answer 42

Cerebellum

Question 43

primary function of this lobe- hearing and language

Answer 43

temporal lobe

Question 44

The higher level mental processes that allows us to regulate and coordinate our own thought processes

Answer 44

executive functions

Question 45

The very front of the frontal lobes; involved in the sense of self; executive functions, and planning

Answer 45

prefrontal cortex

Question 46

a speech disturbance resulting from brain damage

Answer 46

aphasia

Question 47

a language area related to grammar and pronunciation

Answer 47

Brocas area

Question 48

a brain area associated with the control of movement

Answer 48

primary motor cortex

Question 49

Neurons that become active when a motor action is carried out and when another organism is observed performing the same action.

Answer 49

mirror neurons

Question 50

A cell in the nervous system that transmits commands from the brain to the muscles

Answer 50

motor neuron

Question 51

a temporal lobe brain area related to language comprehension

Answer 51

Wernicke's area

Question 52

An inability to identify seen objects

Answer 52

visual agnosia

Question 53

a brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex

Answer 53

thalamus

Question 54

a small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs

Answer 54

hypothalamus

Question 55

a set of brain structures that play important roles in regulating emotion and memory

Answer 55

limbic system

Question 56

a part of the limbic system associated with the rapid processing of emotions' especially fear

Answer 56

amygdala

Question 57

part of the limbic system associated with storing memories

Answer 57

hippocampus