chapter 5 section 3

Question 1

an electron that is in the highest energy level of an atom and determines the atom’s chemical properties is called

Answer 1

valence electrons

Question 2

what can be removed from an atom if ionization energy is supplied

Answer 2

an electron

Question 3

across a period in the periodic table, ionization energy generally

Answer 3

increases

Question 4

as you down a group and add energy shells, the ionization energy

Answer 4

decreases

Question 5

the atomic radius of an atom that is chemically bonded to an identical atom is equal to

Answer 5

half the distance between the nuclei

Question 6

one half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

Answer 6

atomic radius

Question 7

atomic radius _____ across a period

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

why does the atomic radius decrease across a period

Answer 8

as electrons add to the s and p sub level in the same energy level, they are gradually pulled closer to the nucleus thus decreasing the atomic radius

Question 9

the atomic radius _____ down a group

Answer 9

increases

Question 10

process for ionization energy

Answer 10

A + energy = A(+) + e(-)

A=atom of any element

Question 11

an atom or group of bonded atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Answer 11

ion

Question 12

any process that results in the formation of an ion is referred to as

Answer 12

ionization

Question 13

the energy required to remove on electron from a neutral atom of an element is the

Answer 13

ionization energy

Question 14

ionization energy of the main group elements ______ across a period

Answer 14

increase

Question 15

what causes ionization energy to increase across a period

Answer 15

increasing nuclear charge, which strongly attracts electrons.

Question 16

ionization energy generally ______ down the groups

Answer 16

decreases

Question 17

what causes ionization energy to decrease down a group

Answer 17

atomic number increases going down a group, more electrons lie between the nucleus and the electrons in the highest energy level.

Question 18

the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom is called the atom’s

Answer 18

electron affinity

Question 19

which group gains electrons most readily

Answer 19

group 17

Question 20

electron affinity ______ down a group

Answer 20

decreases

Question 21

electron affinity ______ across a period in main group elements

Answer 21

increases

Question 22

a positive ion is known as a

Answer 22

cation

Question 23

a negative ion is known as a

Answer 23

anion

Question 24

a cation can ____ atomic radius

Answer 24

decrease

Question 25

an anion can ____ atomic radius

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound

Answer 26

electronegativity

Question 27

electronegativity tends to ____ across a period

Answer 27

increase

Question 28

electronegativity tends to _____ down a group or _____

Answer 28

decrease

remain the same