Chapter 5: Quiz

Question 1

consist of a set of registers, where we temporarily store incoming sensory information from the physical environment until we can attend to it, interpret it, and move it to the next stage of memory processing (short term memory)

Answer 1

Sensory Memory (SM)

Question 2

Also known as photographic memory. Duration is less than 1 second.

Answer 2

iconic memory

Question 3

What we remember from what we hear. Duration is several seconds.

Answer 3

echoic memory

Question 4

The memory stage with a small capacity (7+- 2 chunks) and brief duration (

Answer 4

Short-Term Memory (STM)

Question 5

a meaningful unit in a person’s memory

Answer 5

chunk

Question 6

repeating the information in short term memory over and over again in order to maintain it. For example, in the case of the phone number , we rehearse it over and over again to ourselves until we dial it.

Answer 6

maintenance rehearsal

Question 7

The memory stage in which information is stored for a long period of time (perhaps permanently) and whose capacity is essentially unlimited.

Answer 7

long-term memory (LTM)

Question 8

requires a conscious effort to remember

Answer 8

explicit memory

Question 9

memory for factual knowledge

Answer 9

semantic memory

Question 10

memory of personal life experience

Answer 10

episodic memory

Question 11

long term memory that requires conscious awareness

Answer 11

implicit memory

Question 12

have a physical procedural aspect (the exception of an ordered set of movements) to them. Classically conditioned responses elicited automatically by conditioned stimuli are also implicit memories. For example, brushing your teeth

Answer 12

procedural memories

Question 13

The implicit influence of an earlier presented stimulus on the response to a later stimulus. This influence is independent of conscious memory for the earlier stimulus.

Answer 13

priming

Question 14

type of amnesia where you can’t form new memories.

Answer 14

anterograde

Question 15

type of amnesia where you can’t remember past memories

Answer 15

retrograde

Question 16

type of amnesia where you can’t remember before 3 or 4 years old.

Answer 16

infantile/child amnesia

Question 17

crucial to the formation of episodic explicit long term memories

Answer 17

hippocampus

Question 18

The superior recall of the early portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one trial free recall task. (long term memory)

Answer 18

primacy effect

Question 19

the superior recall of the latter portion of a list relative to the middle of the list in a one trial free recall task. (short term memory)

Answer 19

recency effect

Question 20

the process of transferring information from one memory stage to the next (from sensory into short term memory and from short term into long term memory.)

Answer 20

encoding

Question 21

refers to the process of maintaining information in a particular stage

Answer 21

storage

Question 22

is the process of bringing information stored in long term memory to the conscious level in short term memory.

Answer 22

retrieval

Question 23

is processing that occurs subconsciously and does not require attention

Answer 23

automatic processing

Question 24

is processing that occurs consciously and requires attention

Answer 24

effortful processing

Question 25

rehearsing by relating the new material to information already in long term memory

Answer 25

elaborative rehearsal

Question 26

to learn new concepts, you should personalize them by thinking of examples of these concepts in your own experiences. This is called ______.

Answer 26

self reference effect

Question 27

long term memory retrieval is best when a person’s physiological state at the time of encoding and retrieval of the information is the same

Answer 27

state dependent memory

Question 28

tendency to retrieve experiences and information that are congruent with a person’s current mood

Answer 28

mood congruence effect

Question 29

a memory aid mostly used for remembering list of items, especially ordered lists, speeches, and long passages of text.

Answer 29

mnemonics

Question 30

visually associating items in a list with a jingle that you first memorize.

Answer 30

peg-word system

Question 31

superior long term memory for spaced study versus massed study (cramming)

Answer 31

spacing effect

Question 32

a measure of retrieval that requires the reproduction of the information with essentially no retrieval cues.

Answer 32

recall

Question 33

a measure of retrieval that only requires the identification of the information in the presence of retrieval cues.

Answer 33

recognition

Question 34

a measure of the amount of time saved when learning information for the second time.

Answer 34

relearning

Question 35

states that sometimes forgetting is not really forgetting but rather encoding failure. The information in question never entered long term memory.

Answer 35

encoding failure theory

Question 36

assumes that the biological representation of the memory gradually decays over time and that periodic usage of the information will help to maintain it in storage.

Answer 36

storage decay theory

Question 37

proposes that other information interferes and makes the forgotten information inaccessible

Answer 37

interference theory

Question 38

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the retrieval of new information

Answer 38

proactive interference

Question 39

the disruptive effect of new learning on the retrieval of old information

Answer 39

retroactive interference

Question 40

occurs when we do not remember the true source of a memory and attribute thee memory to the wrong source.

Answer 40

source attribution

Question 41

an inaccurate memory that feels as real as an accurate memory

Answer 41

false memory

Question 42

the distortion of a memory by exposure to misleading information.

Answer 42

misinformation effect