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Psychology > Chapter 2: Quiz > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells that transmit information within the nervous system.

A

neurons

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2
Q

An insulating layer covering an axon that allows for faster neural impulses.

A

myelin sheath

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3
Q

A naturally occurring chemical in the nervous system that specializes in transmitting information between neurons.

A

neurotransmitter

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4
Q

The microscopic gap between neurons across which neurotransmitters travel to carry their messages to other neurons.

A

Synaptic Gap (synapse)

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5
Q

The brain and spinal cord.

A

central nervous system

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6
Q

The part of the nervous system that links the CNS with the body’s sensory receptors, muscles, and glands

A

peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

Neurons that integrate information within the CNS through their communication with each other and between sensory and motor neurons in the spinal cord.

A

inter neurons

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8
Q

Neurons in the PNS that carry information to the CNS from sensory receptors, muscles, and glands

A

sensory neurons

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9
Q

neurons in the PNS that carry movement commands from the CNS out to the rest of the body.

A

motor neurons

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10
Q

The conduit between the brain and the PNS for incoming sensory data and outgoing movement commands to the muscles.

A

spinal cord

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11
Q

A simple automatic action of the spinal cord not requiring involvement of the brain, such as the knee- jerk reflex.

A

spinal reflex

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12
Q

The part of the PNS that carries sensory input from receptors to the CNS and relays commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles to control their movement.

A

somatic nervous system

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13
Q

The part of the PNS that regulates the functioning of our internal environment (glands and organs like the heart, lungs, and stomach.)

A

autonomic nervous system

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14
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when we are highly aroused, as in an emergency, and need to prepare for defensive action.

A

sympathetic nervous system

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15
Q

The part of the autonomic nervous system that returns the body to its normal resting state after having been highly aroused, as in an emergency.

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

The body’s other major communication system. Communication is achieved through hormones that are secreted by the endocrine glands and travel through the bloodstream to their target sites.

A

endocrine glandular system

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17
Q

A chemical messenger that is produced by an endocrine gland and carried by the bloodstream to target tissues throughout the body.

A

hormone

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18
Q

A complex psychological state that involves a state of physiological expression of the emotion, and a cognitive appraisal of the situation to determine the specific emotion and its intensity.

A

emotion

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19
Q

A theory of emotion proposing that an emotion is determined from a cognitive appraisal of the physiological arousal and behavioral responses, which occur first.

A

James-Lange Theory

20
Q

A theory of emotion proposing that an emotion is determined from simultaneously occurring physiological arousal, behavioral responses, and cognitive appraisal.

A

Cannon-Bard Theory

21
Q

A theory of emotion proposing that an emotion is determined by cognitive appraisal of the physiological arousal and the entire environmental situation.

A

Schachter-Singer two-factor theory

22
Q

The layers of interconnected cells covering the brain’s two hemispheres. This is the control and information processing center for the nervous system; it is where perception, memory, language, decision making, and all other higher-level cognitive processing occur.

A

cerebral cortex

23
Q

the bridge of neurons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

A

corpus callosum

24
Q

The area in each cerebral hemisphere in front of the central fissure and above the lateral fissure. The motor cortex is in this lobe.

A

frontal lobe

25
Q

The area in each cerebral hemisphere in back of the central fissure and above the lateral fissure. The somatosensory cortex is in this lobe.

A

parietal lobe

26
Q

The area in each cerebral cortex hemisphere located beneath the lateral fissure. The primary auditory cortex is in this lobe.

A

temporal lobe

27
Q

The area located in the lower back of each cerebral hemisphere. the primary visual cortex in this lobe.

A

occipital lobe

28
Q

The strip of cortex in each cerebral hemisphere in the frontal lobe directly in front of the central fissure, which allows us to move different parts of our body.

A

motor cortex

29
Q

The strip of cortex in each cerebral hemisphere in the parietal lobe directly in back of the central fissure, which allows us to sense pressure, temperature, and pain in different parts of our body as well as the position of our body parts.

A

somatosensory cortex

30
Q

All of the cerebral cortex except those areas devoted to primary sensory processing or motor processing. This is where all the higher-level cognitive processing that requires the association (integration) of information, such as perception and language, occurs.

A

association cortex

31
Q

An individual’s subjective awareness of their inner thinking and feeling and their external environment.

A

consciousness

32
Q

the stage of sleep that is characterized by rapid eye movement and brain wave patterns that resemble those for an awake state and in which most dreaming occurs. This sleep in sometimes referred to as paradoxical sleep because the bodily muscles are immobilized but much of the brain is highly active.

A

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep

33
Q

Fibers projecting out of the cell body of a neutron whose function is to receive information from other neurons.

A

dendrites

34
Q

The part of the neuron that contains its nucleus and the other biological machinery to keep the cell alive and that decides whether or not to generate a neural impulse in order to pas incoming information on to their neurons.

A

cell body

35
Q

The long, singular fiber projecting out of the cell body of a neuron whose function is to conduct the neural impulse from the cell body to the axon terminals triggering chemical communication with other neurons.

A

axon

36
Q

Everything ______ is simultaneously _______.

A

psychological, biological

37
Q

sudoscience (not) really a science.

- discovered by a guy named Gall.

A

phrenology

38
Q

What makes up the structure of a neuron?

A
  • cell body
  • axon
  • dendrites
  • myelin sheath
39
Q

sensory

A

incoming to sensory nervous system

40
Q

motor

A

outgoing to muscles & glands *WE HAVE MILLIONS!

41
Q

What are the 3 types of emotions?

A
  1. inward
  2. outward
  3. cognitive
42
Q

_______ makes up 85% of our brain’s weight.

A

Celebral Cortex

43
Q

Things seen on the right side are processed on the ______ side of the brain.

A

left

44
Q

Things seen on the left side are processed on the ______ side of the brain.

A

right

45
Q

focused on or thinking about

A

conscious tract

46
Q

familiar with don’t focus on how

A

unconscious tract

Psychology (11 decks)

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