Chapter 4: Quiz

Question 1

Acquiring a new response to previously neutral stimulus that reliably signals the arrival of an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 1

classical conditioning

Question 2

The stimulyus in a reflex that automatically elicits an unconditioned response

Answer 2

uncoditioned stimulus

Question 3

the response in a reflex that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 3

unconditioned response

Question 4

the stimulus that comes to elicit a new response in classical conditioning

Answer 4

conditioned stimulus

Question 5

the response that is elicit by the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning

Answer 5

conditioned response

Question 6

aquiring a new response to the conditioned stimulus

Answer 6

acquisition

Question 7

the diminishing of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus.

Answer 7

extinction

Question 8

a partial recovery in stength of the conditioned response following a break during extinction training

Answer 8

spontaneous recovery

Question 9

the elicitation of the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. The more similar the stimulus is to the conditioned stimulus, the stronger the response.

Answer 9

stimulus generalization

Question 10

The eliction of the conditioned response only by the conditioned stimulus or only by a small set of highly similar stimuli that includes the conditioned stimulus.

Answer 10

stimulus discrimination

Question 11

A principle developed by Edward Thorndike that says that any behavior that results in satisfying consequences tends to be repeated and that any behavior that results in unsatisfying consequences tends to not be repeated

Answer 11

law of effect

Question 12

Learnign to associate behaviors with their consequences.

Answer 12

operant conditioning

Question 13

The process by which the probability of a response is increased by the presentation of a reinforcer.

Answer 13

reinforcement

Question 14

Reinforcement in which an appetitive stimulus is presented

Answer 14

positive reinforcement

Question 15

reinforcement in which an aversive stimulus is removed.

Answer 15

negative reinforcement

Question 16

The process by which the probability of a response is decreased by the presentation of a punisher.

Answer 16

punishment

Question 17

punishment in which an aversive stimulus is presented.

Answer 17

positive punishment

Question 18

punishment in which an appetitve stimulus is removed.

Answer 18

negative punishment

Question 19

reinforcing the desired operant response each time it is made.

Answer 19

continuous schedule or reinforcement

Question 20

reinforcing the desired operant response only part of the time.

Answer 20

partial schedule of reinforcement

Question 21

a partial schedule or reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered each time a fixed number of responses is made.

Answer 21

fixed-ratio schedule

Question 22

a partial schedule of reinforment in which the number of responses it takes to obtain a reinforcer varies on each trial but averages to a set number across trials.

Answer 22

variable-ratio schedule

Question 23

a partial schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered after the first response is given once a set interval of time has elasped

Answer 23

fixed-interval schedule

Question 24

A partial schedule of reinforcement in which time that must elapse on each trial before a response will lead to the delivery of a reinforcer varies from trial to trial but averages to a set time across trials.

Answer 24

variable-interval schedule

Question 25

the set of internal and external factors that energize our behavior and direct it towards goals.

Answer 25

motivation

Question 26

a theory of motivation that proposes that our behavior is motivated to reduce drives created by unsatisfied bodily needs to return the body to a balanced internal state.

Answer 26

drive reduction theory

Question 27

a theory of motivation that proposes that our behavior is motivated by incentatives, external stimuli that we have learned to associate with reinforcement.

Answer 27

incentive theory

Question 28

a theory of motivation that proposes that our behavior is motivated to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal is

Answer 28

arousal theory

Question 29

a law describing the relationship between the amount or arousal and the performance quality on a task- increasing arousal up to some optimal level increasing performance quality on a task, but increasing arousal past this point is detrimental to performance

Answer 29

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 30

the desire to perform a behavior for external reinforcement.

Answer 30

extrinsic motivation

Question 31

the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

Answer 31

intrinsic motivation

Question 32

learning by observing others and imitating their behavior

Answer 32

observational learning

Question 33

What was Pavlov and his dogs an example of?

Answer 33

classical conditioning

Question 34

What are the elements and procedures of classical conditioning?

Answer 34

• unconditioned stimulus
• unconditioned response
• conditioned stimulus
• conditioned response

Question 35

What was Watson and Little Albert a example of?

Answer 35

classical conditioning

Question 36

What was Thornlike and his cats a example of?

Answer 36

operant conditioning

Question 37

What was Skinner and his rats examples of?

Answer 37

operant conditioning

Question 38

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Answer 38

if you eat all your food you won’t have to take a bath

Question 39

What is an example of negative reinforcement?

Answer 39

putting on your seat belt in your car to make the beeping stop

Question 40

What was Bandura and his dolls an example of?

Answer 40

observational learning