Chapter 5- Personal Safety/ section 2 to 6

Question 1

Biologic

Answer 1

Infectious agents can cause bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections.

Question 2

Sharps

Answer 2

Needles, Lancets, and broken glass can puncture, cut, and cause bloodborne pathogen exposure.

Question 3

Chemical

Answer 3

Preservations and chemicals used in the laboratory can create possible exposure to toxic, carcinogenic, or caustic, substances.

Question 4

Fire or explosive

Answer 4

Bunsen burners, oxygen, and chemicals can cause burns or dismemberment.

Question 5

Electrical

Answer 5

High-voltage equipment can cause burns or electrical shock.

Question 6

Physical

Answer 6

Wet floors and heavy lifting can cause falls, sprains, and strains.

Question 7

Allergic reactions

Answer 7

Latex sensitivity can cause allergic reactions ranging from superficial dermatitis to anaphylaxis: USE NITRILE GLOVES if there is a latex allergy.

Question 8

Hepatitis B Viruses (HBV)

Answer 8

It is a virus that affects the liver. Hepat means liver and itis means inflammation.
This virus can lead to more severe cirrhosis and liver cancer conditions.
There is no cure but there are treatment plans available.

Question 9

Hepatitis B Viruses (Symptoms)

Answer 9

1. The infected person may experience mild flu-like symptoms.
2. HBV-infected people may show no symptoms for some time.
3. After exposure, it can take 1-9 months before symptoms become noticeable.
4. Within 1-3 months (though this can occur sooner or later), a sense of fatigue, possible stomach pain, loss of appetite, and even nausea commonly occur.
5. Jaundice can occur (yellow of the skin and eyes) and darkened urine will often occur.

Question 10

Bloodborne Pathogens

Answer 10

One type of biohazard are microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, that are carried in blood and can cause diseases.
EX; HBV and HIV

Question 11

Standard precautions are always to

Answer 11

1. Wear gloves when collecting and handling blood, bodily fluids, or tissue specimens. NEVER DOUBLE GLOVE.
2. Wear face shields when dealing with splashing onto the mucous membranes.
3. Dispose of all needles and sharp objects with needle activations safety.
4. Always use disinfectants to clean fluid spills, thus killing pathogenic organisms.

Question 12

Direct-contact transmission

Answer 12

Involves skin-to-skin contact and the physical transfer of microorganisms to a susceptible host from an infected or colonized person.
phlebotomist takes a blood sample from a patient in an isolation room, the gloves should come first. PPE

Question 13

Indirect-contact transmission

Answer 13

Involves contact with a contaminated intermediate object in the patient’s environment.
Such as clothing, lice, scabies, RSV( Respiratory Syncytial Viruses Infections), diarrhea, herpes, impetigo, etc.

Question 14

Airborne Precautions

Answer 14

Precautions reduce the risk of airborne transmission of infectious agents.
They become inhaled or deposited on a susceptible host within the same room or even over a longer distance. Special air handling is required such as (an N95 respirator)
Examples: Tuberculosis (TB), measles, chickenpox, shingles, norovirus, etc.

Question 15

Droplet Precautions

Answer 15

Involves contact with the conjunctivae or mucous membrane of a susceptible person’s nose or mouth with large particle droplets generated from the source-infected person.
Happens during Sneezing, Coughing, or talking.
Travel 3 feet.
Ex: include strep A group, rubella, pneumonic plague, mumps, influenza A, and pneumonia.