chapter 16 section one- the clinical laboratory

Question 1

Hematology section

Answer 1

where the blood’s formed elements are studied (RBC, WBC, Platelets)
1. Research and examine the cells, disorders, and infections detected and treatments or monitored
2. In this lab section hemostasis is evaluated.

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

The most extensive and most automated section of the laboratory. it is divided into several processing areas.
1. Electrophoresis- analyzes chemical components in the blood. (hemoglobin, urine, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid, are based on electrical charge differences).
2. Toxicology- analyzes plasma levels of drugs and poisons.
3. Immunochemistry- analyzes hormones, enzymes, and drugs. ( it uses Radio immuno-assay (RIA) techniques and enzyme Immuno-Assay to detect and measure hormones, enzymes, and drugs.

Question 3

Blood Bank transfusions

Answer 3

Where blood is collected, stored, and prepared for transfusions.
1. Strict adherence to patient identification and specimen is a must to ensure patient safety.
2. Blood that has been collected can be separated into components including packed cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, and cryoprecipitate.

Question 4

Serology (Immunology) section

Answer 4

Performs tests to evaluate the patient’s immune response through antibodies.
1. the lab uses serum to analyze the presence of antibodies to bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, against the body’s substances (autoimmunity).

Question 5

Microbiology section

Answer 5

Is responsible for detecting pathogenic microorganisms in patient samples and for hospital infection control.
(microorganisms that cause diseases are pathogenic)
1. The primary test performed in this section of the lab is Culture and Sensitivity (C&S). It is used to detect microorganisms and determine the most effective antibiotic therapy.
2. Test results are in within 24 to 48 hours. However, for TB and fungi cultures, it can take up to several weeks