Chapter 5 Part 2 Flashcards
What are fatty acids primarily used for?
Energy production
Fatty acids serve as a major source of energy for the body.
What is the general structure of fatty acids?
Large organic acids with a long reduced aliphatic carbon chain and a carboxyl group
This structure is essential for their function and classification.
How many carbons do fatty acids usually have?
Usually even numbers of carbons
Fatty acids typically have between 4 and 36 carbons.
What property do fatty acids have due to their structure?
Amphipathic
This means they have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties.
What are saturated fatty acids at room temperature?
Solid
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
What is the state of unsaturated fatty acids at room temperature?
Usually liquid
Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?
A fatty acid with one double bond
These fats are typically found in olive oil and avocados.
What defines a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
Multiple double bonds spaced three carbons apart
Common examples include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.
What type of fatty acids are unsaturated?
Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms
Unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature.
What are trans-fats?
A type of unsaturated fatty acid that has been hydrogenated, making them solid at room temperature
Are trans-fats found in nature?
Very rarely
They can be found in trace amounts in ruminants.
What is the physiological effect of trans-fats?
Affects on physiology are negative, contributing to heart disease and other health issues
How many carbon atoms does Myristate have?
Double Bonds?
14
0
What has 14 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds?
Myristate
How many carbon atoms does palmitate have?
Double bonds?
16
0
What have 16 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds?
Palmitate
How many carbon atoms does linoleate have?
Double bonds?
What’s the position of the double bonds?
18
2
9th, and 12th carbons
What has 18 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds?
Linoleate
How many carbons does α-Linolenate have?
Double bonds?
What’s the position of the double bonds?
18
3
9th, 12th, and 15th carbons
What has 18 carbons and 3 double bonds?
α-Linolenate
What is the most abundant lipid?
Triacylglycerols
Triacylglycerols are the _____ abundant lipid.
Most
What is the main competent of animal fats and vegetables oils?
Triacylglycerols
Triacylglycerols are energy:
Depots
What is an FFA?
Free Fatty Acid
What is an NEFA?
Non-Esterified Fatty Acid
FFAs and NEFAs are the same.
True or False
True
Fatty Acids are linked to glycerol by an:
Ester Bond
An ester bond links glycerol to:
Fatty Acids
An ester bond links fatty acids to:
Glycerol
Acyl groups are named after the _____ but end in what suffix?
Individual Fatty Acid
-oyl, instead of -ate, or -itic acid
Acyl groups can be:
Added to many things
Phospholipids are considered to be:
Amphipathic
What does amphipathic mean?
They have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions
Something that has hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions is known as:
Amphipathic
The most common phospholipids are:
Glycerophospholipids
The parent compound of glycerophospholipids is known as:
Phosphatidate
Know this general structure of glycerophospholipids
Draw it a few times if you can
What are cholesterol derivatives?
Compounds chemically derived from cholesterol
What are some cholesterol derivatives?
Hormones: Steroids
Bile Acids (Salts)
Where are cholesterol derivatives found?
In membranes
What do cell membranes surround?
Cells and organelles
Cell membranes are essential for maintaining the integrity of cells and their internal structures.
What is the effect of various lipids in the membrane?
They influence membrane fluidity and permeability
Different types of lipids can affect how easily substances pass through the membrane.
What do cell membranes separate?
Aqueous solutions
This separation is crucial for maintaining different environments inside and outside the cell.
What if no hydrophobic portion existed in cell membranes?
The membrane would not form a proper barrier
The hydrophobic portion is essential for creating a stable bilayer structure.
What is an amphipathic bilayer?
A bilayer composed of molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
This structure is fundamental in forming cell membranes, allowing them to maintain their integrity in aqueous environments.
What are the functions of proteins in the cell membrane?
Communication
Recognition
Transport
Phosphatidate is the parent compound of:
Glycerophospholipids
