Chapter 5 Part 2

Question 1

What are fatty acids primarily used for?

Answer 1

Energy production

Fatty acids serve as a major source of energy for the body.

Question 2

What is the general structure of fatty acids?

Answer 2

Large organic acids with a long reduced aliphatic carbon chain and a carboxyl group

This structure is essential for their function and classification.

Question 3

How many carbons do fatty acids usually have?

Answer 3

Usually even numbers of carbons

Fatty acids typically have between 4 and 36 carbons.

Question 4

What property do fatty acids have due to their structure?

Answer 4

Amphipathic

This means they have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties.

Question 5

What are saturated fatty acids at room temperature?

Answer 5

Solid

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 6

What is the state of unsaturated fatty acids at room temperature?

Answer 6

Usually liquid

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 7

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 7

A fatty acid with one double bond

These fats are typically found in olive oil and avocados.

Question 8

What defines a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 8

Multiple double bonds spaced three carbons apart

Common examples include omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

Question 9

What type of fatty acids are unsaturated?

Answer 9

Fatty acids that contain one or more double bonds between carbon atoms

Unsaturated fatty acids are typically liquid at room temperature.

Question 10

What are trans-fats?

Answer 10

A type of unsaturated fatty acid that has been hydrogenated, making them solid at room temperature

Question 11

Are trans-fats found in nature?

Answer 11

Very rarely

They can be found in trace amounts in ruminants.

Question 12

What is the physiological effect of trans-fats?

Answer 12

Affects on physiology are negative, contributing to heart disease and other health issues

Question 13

How many carbon atoms does Myristate have?
Double Bonds?

Answer 13

14

0

Question 14

What has 14 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds?

Answer 14

Myristate

Question 15

How many carbon atoms does palmitate have?
Double bonds?

Answer 15

16

0

Question 16

What have 16 carbon atoms and 0 double bonds?

Answer 16

Palmitate

Question 17

How many carbon atoms does linoleate have?

Double bonds?

What’s the position of the double bonds?

Answer 17

18

2

9th, and 12th carbons

Question 18

What has 18 carbon atoms and 2 double bonds?

Answer 18

Linoleate

Question 19

How many carbons does α-Linolenate have?

Double bonds?

What’s the position of the double bonds?

Answer 19

18

3

9th, 12th, and 15th carbons

Question 20

What has 18 carbons and 3 double bonds?

Answer 20

α-Linolenate

Question 21

What is the most abundant lipid?

Answer 21

Triacylglycerols

Question 22

Triacylglycerols are the _____ abundant lipid.

Answer 22

Most

Question 23

What is the main competent of animal fats and vegetables oils?

Answer 23

Triacylglycerols

Question 24

Triacylglycerols are energy:

Answer 24

Depots

Question 25

What is an FFA?

Answer 25

Free Fatty Acid

Question 26

What is an NEFA?

Answer 26

Non-Esterified Fatty Acid

Question 27

FFAs and NEFAs are the same. True or False

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Fatty Acids are linked to glycerol by an:

Answer 28

Ester Bond

Question 29

An ester bond links glycerol to:

Answer 29

Fatty Acids

Question 30

An ester bond links fatty acids to:

Answer 30

Glycerol

Question 31

Acyl groups are named after the _____ but end in what suffix?

Answer 31

Individual Fatty Acid -oyl, instead of -ate, or -itic acid

Question 32

Acyl groups can be:

Answer 32

Added to many things

Question 33

Phospholipids are considered to be:

Answer 33

Amphipathic

Question 34

What does amphipathic mean?

Answer 34

They have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions

Question 35

Something that has hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions is known as:

Answer 35

Amphipathic

Question 36

The most common phospholipids are:

Answer 36

Glycerophospholipids

Question 37

The parent compound of glycerophospholipids is known as:

Answer 37

Phosphatidate

Question 38

Know this general structure of glycerophospholipids

Answer 38

Draw it a few times if you can

Question 39

What are cholesterol derivatives?

Answer 39

Compounds chemically derived from cholesterol

Question 40

What are some cholesterol derivatives?

Answer 40

Hormones: Steroids Bile Acids (Salts)

Question 41

Where are cholesterol derivatives found?

Answer 41

In membranes

Question 42

What do cell membranes surround?

Answer 42

Cells and organelles ## Footnote Cell membranes are essential for maintaining the integrity of cells and their internal structures.

Question 43

What is the effect of various lipids in the membrane?

Answer 43

They influence membrane fluidity and permeability ## Footnote Different types of lipids can affect how easily substances pass through the membrane.

Question 44

What do cell membranes separate?

Answer 44

Aqueous solutions ## Footnote This separation is crucial for maintaining different environments inside and outside the cell.

Question 45

What if no hydrophobic portion existed in cell membranes?

Answer 45

The membrane would not form a proper barrier ## Footnote The hydrophobic portion is essential for creating a stable bilayer structure.

Question 46

What is an amphipathic bilayer?

Answer 46

A bilayer composed of molecules that have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts ## Footnote This structure is fundamental in forming cell membranes, allowing them to maintain their integrity in aqueous environments.

Question 47

What are the functions of proteins in the cell membrane?

Answer 47

Communication Recognition Transport

Question 48

Phosphatidate is the parent compound of:

Answer 48

Glycerophospholipids