Chapter 5: Organs and Anatomic Structures of the Respiratory System

Question 1

nose

nōz

Answer 1

lined with mucous membrane and fine hairs; it acts as a filter to moisten and warm the entering air

Question 2

nasal septum

NĀS-el) (SEP-tum

Answer 2

partition separating the right and left nasal cavities

Question 3

paranasal sinuses

par-a-NĀ-sel) (SĪ-nus-es

Answer 3

air cavities within the cranial bones that open into the nasal cavities

Question 4

pharynx

FAR-inks

Answer 4

serves as a food and air passageway. Air enters from the nasal cavities and/or mouth and passes through the pharynx to the larynx. Food enters the pharynx from the mouth and passes into the esophagus. (also called the throat)

Question 5

adenoids

AD-e-noids

Answer 5

lymphoid tissue located on the posterior wall of the nasal cavity (also called pharyngeal tonsils)

Question 6

tonsils

TON-sils

Answer 6

lymphoid tissue located on the lateral wall at the junction of the oral cavity and oropharynx

Question 7

larynx

LAR-inks

Answer 7

location of the vocal cords. Air enters from the pharynx. (also called the voice box)

Question 8

egiglottis

ep-i-GLOT-is

Answer 8

flap of cartilage that automatically covers the opening of the larynx and keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing

Question 9

trachea

TRĀ-kē-a

Answer 9

passageway for air to the bronchi from the larynx; (also called the windpipe)

Question 10

bronchus (pl. bronchi)

BRONG-kus
(BRON-ki)

Answer 10

one of two branches from the trachea that conducts air into the lungs, where it divides and subdivides. The branchings resemble a tree; therefore, they are referred to as a bronchial tree.

Question 11

bronchioles

BRONG-kē-ōlz

Answer 11

smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree

Question 12

alveoli (s. aveolus)

al-VĒ-o-lī
(al-VĒ-o-lus)

Answer 12

air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through the alveolar walls and the capillaries (also a term for the sockets in the jaw bones into which the teeth fit).

Question 13

thorax

THOR-aks

Answer 13

chest, the part of the body between the neck and the diaphragm encased by the ribs. Thoracic cavity is the hollow space between the neck and diaphragm.

Question 14

lungs

lungs

Answer 14

two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes.

Question 15

pleura

PLOOR-a

Answer 15

double-folded serous membrane covering each lung (visceral pleura) and lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) with a small space between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.

Question 16

diaphragm

DĪ-a-fram

Answer 16

muscular partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.

Question 17

mediastinum

mē-dē-a-STĪ-num

Answer 17

space between the lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.