Chapter 5: Disease and Disorder Terms (No Word Parts) Flashcards
Respiratory System and Introduction to Diagnostic Procedures and Tests
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
a-KŪT) (RES-pi-ra-tor-ē) (di-STRES) (SIN-drōm
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury. ARDS is respiratory failure in an adult. Symptoms include dyspnea, tachypnea, and cyanosis. (also called adult respiratory distress syndrome)
asthma
AZ-ma
respiratory disease characterized by coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, caused by constriction and inflammation of airways that is reversible between attacks
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
KRON-ik) (ob-STRUK-tiv) (PUL-mō-mar-ē) (di-ZĒZ
progressive lung disease obstructing air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema are the two main components of COPD. Most COPD is a result of cigarette smoking.
coccidioidomycosis
kok-sid-ē-oy-dō-mī-KŌ-sis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body (also called valley fever)
croup
krūp
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx, characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and stridor. It may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, allergy, or foreign body. Occurs mainly in children. (also called laryngotracheobronchitis)
cystic fibrosis
SIS-tik) (fī-BRŌ-sis
hereditary disorder of the exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
deviated septum
DĒ-vē-āt-ed) (SEP-tum
one part of the nasal cavity is smaller because of malformation or injury of the nasal septum
epistaxis
ep-i-STAK-sis
nosebleed (also called rhinorrhagia)
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
id-ē-ō-PATH-ik) (PUL-mō-nar-ē) (fī-BRŌ-sis
chronic progressive lung disorder characterized by increasing scarring, which ultimately reduces the capacity of the lungs; etiology unknown. IPF most often affects adults over the age of 50. Smoking, pollutants, and heredity may play a role in its genesis. Symptoms include exertional dyspnea and a dry cough. Lung transplant may be indicated in severe cases; there is no cure.
influenza (flu)
in-flū-EN-za
highly contagious and often severe viral infection of the respiratory tract
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
ob-STRUK-tiv) (slēp) (AP-nē-a
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to transient periods of apnea (absence of breathing); can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
pertussis
per-TUS-sis
highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)
pleural effusion
PLŪ-ral) (e-FŪ-zhun
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
pulmonary edema
PUL-mō-nar-ē) (e-DĒ-ma
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles, most often a manifestation of heart failure
pulmonary embolism (PE)
PUL-mō-nar-ē) (EM-bo-liz-em
matter foreign to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number. Blood clots broken loose from the deep veins of the lower extremities are the most common source of pulmonary embolism.
