Chapter 4: Disease and Disorder Terms (No Word Parts) Flashcards
Integumentary System
abrasion
a-BRĀ-zhun
scraping away of the skin by mechanical process or injury
abscess
AB-ses
localized collection of pus
acne
AK-nē
inflammatory disease of the skin involving the sebaceous glands and hair follicles
actinic keratosis
ack-TIN-ik) (ker-a-TŌ-sis
precancerous skin condition of horny tissue formation that results from excessive exposure to sunlight. It may evolve into a squamous cell carcinoma.
albinism
AL-bi-niz-um
congenital hereditary condition characterized by partial or total lack of pigment (melanin) in the skin, hair, and eyes
basal cell carcinoma (BBC)
BĀ-sal) (sel) (kar-si-NŌ-ma
malignant epithelial tumor arising rom the bottom layer of the epidermis called the basal layer; it seldom metastasizes, but invades local tissue and may recur in the same location. Common in individuals who have had excessive sun exposure.
candidiasis
kan-di-DĪ-a-sis
infection of the skin, mouth (also called thrush), or vagina caused by the yeast-type fungus Candida albicans. Candida is normally present in the mucous membranes; overgrowth causes an infection. Esophageal candidiasis is often seen in patients with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
carbuncle
KAR-bung-kl
infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue composed of a cluster of boils (furuncles) caused by staphylococcal bacteria
cellulitis
sel-ū-LĪ-tis
inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by infection; characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling
contusion
kon-TŪ-zhun
injury with no break in the skin, characterized by pain, swelling, and discoloration (also called a bruise)
eczema
EK-ze-ma
noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness, blisters, scabs, and itching
fissure
FISH-ur
slit or cracklike sore in the skin
furuncle
FER-ung-kl
painful skin nodule caused by staphylococcal bacteria in a hair follicle (also called a boil)
gangrene
GANG-grēn
death of tissue caused by loss of blood supply followed by bacterial invasion (a form of necrosis)
herpes
HER-pēz
inflammatory skin disease caused by herpes virus characterized by small blisters in clusters. Many types of herpes exist. Herpes simplex type 1, for example, causes fever blisters; herpes zoster, also called shingles, is characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow nerves inflamed by the virus.
impetigo
in-pe-TĪ-gō
superficial skin infection characterized by pustules and caused by either staphylococci or streptococci
infection
in-FEK-shun
invasion of pathogens in body tissue. An acute infection may remain localized if the body’s defense mechanisms are effective or may persist to become subacute or chronic. A systemic infection occurs when the pathogen causing a local infection gains access to the vascular or lymphatic system and becomes disseminated throughout the body.
Kaposi sarcoma
KAP-ō-sē) (sar-KŌ-ma
cancerous condition starting as purple or brown papules on the lower extremities that spreads through the skin to the lymph nodes and internal organs; frequently seen with AIDS
laceration
las-er-Ā-shun
torn, ragged-edged-wound
lesion
LĒ-zhun
any visible change in tissue resulting from injury or disease. It is a broad term that includes sores, wounds, ulcers, and tumors.
MRSA infection
mer-SAH) (in-FEK-shun
invasion of body tissue by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a strain of common bacteria that has developed resistance to methicillin and other antibiotics. It can produce skin and soft tissue infections and sometimes bloodstream infections and pneumonia, which can be fatal if not treated. MRSA is quite common in hospitals and long-term care facilities but is increasingly emerging as an important infection in the general population.
pediculosis
pe-dik-ū-LŌ-sis
invasion into the skin and hair by lice
psoriasis
so-RĪ-a-sis
chronic skin condition producing red lesions covered with silvery scales
rosacea
rō-ZĀ-shē-a
chronic disorder of the skin that produces erythema, papules, pustules, and abnormal dilation of tiny blood vessels, usually occurring on the central area of the face in people older than 30 years
scabies
SKĀ-bēz
skin infection caused by the itch mite, characterized by papule eruptions that are caused by the female burrowing into the outer layer of the skin and laying eggs. This condition is accompanied by severe itching.
scleroderma
skle-rō-DER-ma
disease characterized by chronic hardening (induration) of the connective tissue of the skin and other body organs
squamous cell carcinoma (SSC)
SQWĀ-mus) (sel) (kar-si-NŌ-ma
malignant growth developing from scalelike epithelial tissue of the surface layer of the epidermis; it invades local tissue and may metastasize. While most commonly appearing on the skin, SCC can occur in other parts of the body including the mouth, lips, and genitals. The most frequent cause is a chronic exposure to sunlight.
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
sis-TEM-ik) (LŪ-pus) (e-ri-thē-ma-TŌ-sus
chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin, joints, kidneys, and nervous system. This autoimmune disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. It also may affect other organs.
tinea
TIN-ē-a
fungal infection of the skin. The fungi may infect keratin of the skin, hair, and nails. Infections are classified by body regions such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (body), and tinea pedis (foot). Tinea in general is also called ringworm, and tinea pedis specifically is also called athlete’s foot.
urticaria
ur-ti-KAR-ē-a
itchy skin eruption composed of wheals of varying sizes and shapes. Urticaria is sometimes associated with infections and with allergic reactions to food, medicine, or other agents. Other causes include internal disease, physical stimuli, and genetic disorders.
vitiligo
vit-i-LĪ-gō
white patches on the skin caused by the destruction of melanocytes
