Chapter 5 - Organ Systems

Question 1

integumentary system

Answer 1

a system of the body made up of only one organ: the skin

Question 2

skin

Answer 2

also called the integument; the body’s covering, and also its heaviest organ, weighing over 20 pounds; its primary purpose is protection but it also contains many microscopic sense receptors that can detect things like pain, pressure, touch, texture, vibration, and temperature

Question 3

appendage

Answer 3

structure attached to a main part

Question 4

skeletal system

Answer 4

a system of the body made up of 206 bones, with some additional bones that vary from person to person; it also contains the cartilage used to cushion the bones

Question 5

ligaments

Answer 5

bands of fibrous connective tissue that help hold bones together

Question 6

joints

Answer 6

connections between two or more bones that make movement possible

Question 7

muscular system

Answer 7

a system of the body containing muscles; most of the muscles are skeletal muscle tissue

Question 8

tendon

Answer 8

a dense strap or sheet of regular dense fibrous connective tissue; a tendon is part of a muscle organ that attaches the muscle to a bone (or to another muscle)

Question 9

nervous system

Answer 9

the system of the body made up of the brain, nerves, and spinal cord

Question 10

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 10

the part of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 11

the part of the nervous system made up of the cranial and spinal nerves, and all their branches; this system makes it possible for the CNS to control the body and process sensation

Question 12

cranial nerves

Answer 12

nerves that extend from the brain

Question 13

spinal nerves

Answer 13

nerves that extend from the spinal cord

Question 14

nerve impulses

Answer 14

a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber

Question 15

sense organs

Answer 15

organs that can recognize certain stimuli such as heat, light, and sound (e.g. the eyes)

Question 16

endocrine system

Answer 16

a system made up of glands that secrete chemicals known as hormones directly into the blood

Question 17

ductless glands

Answer 17

another name for the organs of the endocrine system

Question 18

pituitary gland

Answer 18

located in the skull and part of the endocrine system; controls the function of most other endocrine glands

Question 19

pineal gland

Answer 19

located in the skull and part of the endocrine system; it produces melatonin, a serotonin-derived hormone which modulates sleep patterns

Question 20

hypothalamus (gland)

Answer 20

located in the skull and part of the endocrine system; it coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary gland, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and is involved in sleep and emotional activity

Question 21

thyroid gland

Answer 21

a large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating body growth and metabolism

Question 22

parathyroid gland

Answer 22

small glands of the endocrine system, located in the neck, that control the amount of calcium in our blood and bones

Question 23

thymus gland

Answer 23

located in the thoracic cavity, specifically in the mediastinum; it is the organ primarily responsible for the production and maturation of immune cells

Question 24

adrenal gland

Answer 24

small glands located on top of each kidney; they produce sex hormones and cortisol

Question 25

pancreas

Answer 25

a heterocrine gland located in the abdomen behind the stomach; as an endocrine gland, it functions mostly to regulate blood sugar levels; as an exocrine gland, it works by secreting pancreatic juice into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct

Question 26

heterocrine gland

Answer 26

glands which function as both exocrine gland and endocrine gland (e.g. pancreas, testes, ovaries)

Question 27

cardiovascular system

Answer 27

sometimes called the circulatory system; a system that consists of the heart and a closed system of vessels made up of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 28

lymphatic system

Answer 28

a system made up of a network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other unwanted materials; it works closely with the immune and cardiovascular system

Question 29

cardiovascular system

Answer 29

sometimes called the circulatory system; a system that consists of the heart and a closed system of vessels made up of arteries, veins, and capillaries

Question 30

immune system

Answer 30

a system that protects us from disease-causing microorganisms, harmful toxins, transplanted tissue cells, and any of our own cells that have turned malignant or cancerous; the immune system is composed of protective cells (such as phagocytes) and various types of defensive protein molecules (produced by secretory immune cells)

Question 31

complement (immune system)

Answer 31

any of several inactive enzymes normally present in blood, which, when activated, kill foreign cells by dissolving them

Question 32

antibodies

Answer 32

substances produced by the body that destroy or inactivate a specific substance (antigen) that has entered the body

Question 33

antigen

Answer 33

a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it

Question 34

respiratory system

Answer 34

the system that contains organs such as the nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchi, and lungs; these organs facilitate the movement of air into the tiny, thin-walled sacs of the lungs called alveoli

Question 35

alveoli

Answer 35

(1) any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange (carbon dioxide for oxygen); (2) the bony socket for the root of a tooth

Question 36

digestive system

Answer 36

the system responsible for proper digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste; it is made up of primary and secondary organs

Question 37

primary organs (digestive system)

Answer 37

the organs that form the digestive tract; they include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal canal.

Question 38

secondary organs (digestive system)

Answer 38

(also called accessory organs) the organs that attach to the digestive tract; they include the teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix

Question 39

alimentary canal

Answer 39

(also called the digestive tract) the whole passage along which food passes through the body from mouth to anus, made up of primary organs

Question 40

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 40

also called GI tract; the tract from the mouth to the anus which includes all the organs of the digestive system (primary and secondary) in humans and other animals

Question 41

urinary system

Answer 41

a system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra; this system filters your blood, removing waste and excess water

Question 42

radiography

Answer 42

the art and science of using radiation to provide images of the tissues, organs, bones, and vessels that comprise the human body

Question 43

reproductive system

Answer 43

the biological system made up of all the anatomical organs involved in sexual reproduction; it is made up of two sub-systems: the male reproductive system and the female reproductive system

Question 44

radiologists

Answer 44

medical doctors that specialize in diagnosing and treating injuries and diseases using medical imaging (radiology) procedures (exams/tests) such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, positron emission tomography (PET) and ultrasound