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BioHack > Chapter 5 : MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS > Flashcards

Chapter 5 : MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Flashcards

1
Q

In majority dicot, the direct elongation of ________ leads to the formation of primary/secondary root.

A

Radicle Primary

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2
Q

In ________ primary root is short-lived and is replaced by large number of rests that originate from base of stem called ________ roots (NEET 201

A

Monocots, fibrous

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2
Q

Identify the types of roots shown in Digal. IA B and C Label X and Y

A

Digall 1-A-Tap B-Fibrous C-Adventitious: X-Main root, Y-Laterals

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2
Q

Name the 3 root systems

A

Tap, fibrous, adventitious

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2
Q

Fibrous roots originate from a part of plant other
than radicle T/F

A

F

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2
Q

Identify the regions of the root-tip shown in DigQ 2

A

DigaQ. 2-A-region of maturation, B-region of
elongation, C-region of meristematic activity.
D-root cap. E-root hair

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2
Q

Roat hair arise from __________

A

Zone of maturation

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2
Q

Ex of fibrous root (1) -

A

Wheat

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2
Q

Thimble-like structure covering root apex is called-

A

Root cap

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2
Q

Tap roof system ex -

A

Mustard

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2
Q

Function of root cap-

A

Protect tender apex of root

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2
Q

Adventitious root definition-

A

Arise from part of plant other than radicle

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2
Q

Cells of the region of meristematic activity are very big. T/F

A

F. small

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2
Q

Adventitious root ex (3)-(NEET 2018)

A

Grass Monstera and banyan free

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2
Q

They have thin walls and dense protoplasm T/F

A

T

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2
Q

Function of roots are (4) -

A

(i) Absorption of water and minerals
(ii) Providing a proper anchorage
(iii) Staring reserve food material
(iv) Synthesis of PGR

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2
Q

Zone responsible for the growth of the root in length is-

A

Zone of elongation

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2
Q

Hanging structures supporting banyan tree are called-

A

Prop root

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2
Q

Tap root of ________ and adventitious roof of _________ stare food

A

Carrot, turnip, sweet potato

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2
Q

Pneumalophores are present in - (NEET 2022)

A

Rhizophora

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2
Q

Stilt root example (2)-

A

Maize, sugarcane

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3
Q

In some plants growing in _______ areas, roots come out of the ground and grow horizontally/vertically

A

swampy, vertically

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3
Q

Stilt root arise from lower nodes of stem T/F

A

T

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3
Q

Function of penuatophores - (NEET 2022)

A

oxygen

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3
Q

Stem develops from ________ of embryo

A

Plumule

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3
Q

Identify the modifications of root shown in Diga 3 A and B

A

DigaQ, 3-A-roots modified for storage in Asparagus, B-Pneumatophore in Rhizophora

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3
Q

Region of stem where leaves are born is called -

A

node

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3
Q

Partion between the 2 nodes is called-

A

internode

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3
Q

Stem conducts water, minerals and photosynthates T/F

A

T

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3
Q

Identify the functions (A, B, C and D) of the modifications of stem and its examples (W, X, Y and Z shown in DigaQ 4

A

DigaQ. 4-A-storage. W - Zaminkand
B-support, X-Axillary bud modified into tendril in
= gourds and gravevines: C-protection, Y - Stem modified into spine in Bougainvillea: D - spread.
Z-Roots arising from nodes in Oxalis

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3
Q

They also act as an organ of perennation to tide ever unfavorable conditions. T/F

A

T

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3
Q

Types of buds that the stem bear are-

A

terminal and axillary bud

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3
Q

Examples of stem modified to store food (5) -

A

potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, Colocasia

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3
Q

Stem tendrils en (4) (NEET 2016 2022

A

Gourds (cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon) and grapevines

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3
Q

Stem tendril develop from _________ buds

A

axillary

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3
Q

Allary bud modify into thorns in (2)-INEET 2016, 2022)

A

Citrus, Bougainvillea

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4
Q

Thorns are woody straight, and pointed T/F

A

T

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4
Q

Runners ex (2)-

A

Strawberry and grass

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4
Q

Some plants of arid regions modify their stem
to flattened stem ex- _______ or fleshy cylindrical stem ex- _________

A

Opuntia, Euphorbia

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4
Q

What are stolons?

A

Slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for sometime arch downwards to touch the ground

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5
Q

Such structures are called ________

A

Phylloclade

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5
Q

Sub-aerial stems example-(4) (NEET 2022)

A

Offsets, sucker, runner, stolons

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5
Q

Stolons ex (2)-

A

Mint and Jasmine

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5
Q

What are runners?

A

Prostrate branched with long internodes, spread of to new niches when older parts die

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5
Q

What are offsets?

A

A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots

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5
Q

Offsets ex (2) -

A

Pistia, Eichhornia

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5
Q

What are suckers?

A

lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of stem, grow horizontally beneath the soil, then come out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots

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6
Q

Leaf develops at a _______ and bears a _______ in its and

A

Node, bud

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6
Q

Suckers ex (3)-

A

Pineapple, Chrysanthemum, Banana (PCB)

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6
Q

Pitcher plant venus fly trap are also example modified stem T/F (NEET 2016)

A

F, they are example of modified leaf

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6
Q

_______ bud later develops into a branch

A

Axillary

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6
Q

Leaf is attached te stem by a ________

A

leaf base

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6
Q

Leaves are arranged in a basipetal manner. T/F

A

F. acropetal manner

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7
Q

In monocat/dicat, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly

A

monocots

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7
Q

Parts of leaf is (3)-

A

Leaf base, petiole and lamina

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7
Q

Leaves eriginale form shool apical meristem T/F

A

T

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7
Q

Identify the parts of a leaf shown in Digal. 5

A

DigaQ. 5-A-Lamina, B-Stipule, C-Petiole.
D-Leaf base, E-Axillary bud

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7
Q

In some ________ plants, the leaf base may become swollen, which is called-

A

Leguminous, Pulvinus

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7
Q

Most important vegetative organs for photosynthesis is -

A

Leaves

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7
Q

________ bear two small leaf-like structures called-

A

Leaf base, Stipules

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8
Q

Petiole is long thick and flexible. T/F

A

F. it is thin not thin

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8
Q

Lamina is also called ________

A

Leaf blade

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8
Q

Veins provide fluidity to the lead blade T/F

A

F. rigidity

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8
Q

_________ venation is seen in monocot & _________ venation is seen in dicat

A

parallel and reticulate

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8
Q

_______ help hold the blade to light

A

Petiole

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9
Q

The lamina is incised but doesn’t touch the mine. The leaf is simple/compound

A

Simple

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9
Q

How to differentiate between simple leaf and compound leaflet?

A

Bud is present in the axil of leaf but not leaflet

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9
Q

In pinnately compound leaf, the leaflets are present on a common avis called-

A

Rachis

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10
Q

The middle prominent vein in the lamina is called -

A

Midrib

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10
Q

In palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are attached at -

A

Tip of petiole

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11
Q

Types of phyllotary-(3)

A

Alternate, Opposite, Whorled

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12
Q

Alternate ex-(3)

A

Mustard, sunflower, china rose.
(Mnemonic - MSC)

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12
Q

Whorled ex-(2)

A

Alstonia, Nerium

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12
Q

Identify the types of compound leaves shown in DigaQ 6 Label X

A

DigaQ. 6-A-pinnately compound leaf. B- palmately compound leaf. X-Rachis

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13
Q

Write the types of compound leaf (2) with one ex of each

A

Pinnate Neem Palmate - Silk cotton

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13
Q

Leaves store food ex-(2)

A

Onion, garlic

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13
Q

Leaf tendrils ex-(1)

A

Peas, sweet peas

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13
Q

In _______ leaves are small and short-lived

A

Australian Acacia

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13
Q

Insectivorous plants with modified leaves - (2)

A

Pitcher plant, venus-fly trap

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13
Q

_________ meristem change lo floral meristem to make a flower.

A

Shoot apical meristem

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13
Q

Identify the different types of phylotaxy (A B and C) and its examples (X Y and Z) shown in DigaQ 7

A

DigaQ. 7-A-Alternate, B - Opposite,
72. Tip of petiole
C-Whorled: X-China rose, Y - Guava,
Z - Alstonia

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13
Q

Identify the modifications of leaves (A, B and C) and th examples (X, Y and Z) shown in Digalt. 8.

A

DigaQ. 8-A-support: tendril. B - protection: spines, C-storage fleshy leaves: X-Pea, Y-Cactus, Z-Onion

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13
Q

In racemose, flowers are arranged basipelally T/F

A

F. in acropetal order

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13
Q

While making a flower, internades don’t elongate and anis condenses T/F

A

T

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13
Q

In racemose, flowers are arranged basipelally T/F

A

Inflorescence

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14
Q

Accessory whorls are- (2)

A

Calyx and corolla

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14
Q

Swollen end of pedicel is called

A

Thalamus & receptacle

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14
Q

In _______ the calyx and corolla are not distinct hence called ________

A

Lily. Perianth

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14
Q

When both andraecum and gynoecium is present in a flower, it is called bisexual/unisexual

A

bisexual

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14
Q

Opposite ex-(2)

A

Guava, Calotropis

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15
Q

Actinomorphic means ________ symmetry

A

Radial

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15
Q

Bilateral symmetry means -

A

Zygomorphic

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16
Q

Asymmetric ex-(1)

A

Canna

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16
Q

Plants without bracts is called abractate T/F

A

F. ebractate

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17
Q

Flowers are classified as hypo, epi perigynous on which basis?

A

position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary

17
Q

Hypogynous flowers have inferior ovary T/F

A

F. superior

17
Q

Actinomorphic ex - (3)

A

Mustard, datura, chilli

18
Q

What are bracts?

A

Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel

18
Q

Ovaries are classified as hypo, epi and perigynous ovaries. T/F

A

F, flowers are classified, not ovaries

18
Q

Zygomorphic ex (4)-(NEET 2022)

A

Pea glumohur, bean, cassia (Trick - BC PG)

19
Q

Leaf spine ex- (1)

A

Cactus

19
Q

Identify the types of inflorescence shown in DigaQ. 9

A

DigaQ 9-A-Cymose inflorescence,
B-Racemose inflorescence

19
Q

In Australian Acacia _______ expand become green synthesis food called as-

A

petiole, phyllodes

19
Q

The arrangement of flower on floral anis is termed as ________

A

T

19
Q

Reproductive unit of angiosperms is-

A

Flower

20
Q

Hypogynous flower ex (3) -

A

mustard, china rose and brinjal

20
Q

Perigynous ex (3)-(NEET 2020)

A

plum, rose, peach

20
Q

Epigynous ex (3)- (NEET 2020)

A

flowers of guava and cucumber, ray florets of sunflower

20
Q

Identify the types of flowers shown in Digal 10 A.B.C and D.

A

DigaQ. 10-A-Hypogynous, B - Perigynous, C-Epigynous, D-Epigynous

20
Q

Identify the parts of a flower shown in DigaQ 11

A

DigaQ. II-A - Androecium, B - Gynoecium, C-Corolla, D-Calyx, E-Pedicel

20
Q

Outermast whorl of flower is-

A

Sepals

21
Q

Fan of sepals is-

A

Protect the flower in bud stage

21
Q

Types of calyx (2)-

A

Gamosepalous and polysepalous

21
Q

Tell how many types of petals are present in vexillary flowers and their names

A
  1. standard wings - keel
21
Q

Define valvate aestivation

A

When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin without overlapping

21
Q

Gamsepalous means fused calye T/F

A

T

21
Q

Petals are brightly colored to attract insects T/F

A

T

21
Q

Anther are usually bilobed/tetralobed

A

Bilobed

21
Q

Sterile stamen is called-

A

Staminade

22
Q

Corella shapes (4) -

A

Tubular, cell, funnel, wheel

23
Q

Identify the types of aestivation in corella shown in Digol. 12

A

DigaQ. 12-A-Valvate, B - Twisted,
C-Imbricate, D-Vexillary

23
Q

When each stamen remains free it is called polyadelphous T/F (NEET 2016)

A

F. polyandrous

23
Q

Stamens attached to perianth called ________ Ex- ________

A

Epiphyllous, lily

23
Q

Didelphus ex (1) - (NEET 2021 & 22)

A

Pea

23
Q

Polyadelphous ex (1) -

A

Citrus

23
Q

Ovules are attached to a cushion-like-

A

Placenta

23
Q

_________ is the receptive surface for pollen grain

A

Stigma

24
Q

Name the 4 types of aestivation

A

Valvate, twisted, imbricate, vexillary

24
Q

Valate ex (1) -

A

Calotropis

25
Q

Imbricate ex (2)-

A

Cassia gulmohur (Mnemonic - Cailium)

25
Q

Twisted ex (3)-

A

China rose, lady finger, cotton (Mnemonic - CLC.
CulCuTaa - all capital letters denote ex and T denote twisted)

26
Q

Vexillary ex (2)-

A

Pea and bean flowers

27
Q

Margins overlap each other but not in any particular direction-

A

Imbricate, twisted have direction of overlapping

27
Q

Total number of petals in vexillary aestivation is-

A

5

28
Q

is also called papilionaceous

A

Vexillary

29
Q

When stamens are attached to petals, they are called ________ Ex - ________

A

Epipetalous, brinjal

29
Q

Monadelphous meaning and ex (1) -

A

Stamens in one bundle, china rose

30
Q

Variation in length of filament is seen in (2) - (NEET 2016)

A

Salvia and mustard

31
Q

Apocarpous meaning and ex (2)-

A

Carpels are free ex - lotus and rose

32
Q

Suncorpous meaning and ex (2) - (NEET 2016)

A

Carpels are fused ex - Mustard and tomato

33
Q

What is placentation?

A

the arrangement of ovules within the Ovary

34
Q

Identify the types of placentation shown DigaQ 13

A

Digal. 13-A-Marginal B - Axile,
C-Parietal, D-Free central. E-Basal

35
Q

Name all the types of placentation (5)-

A

Marginal axile, parietal, free central, basal

36
Q

Marginal ex

A

Pea

37
Q

Axle ex (3)-

A

China rose, tomato, lemon

38
Q

Parietal ex (21)-

A

Mustard and Argemone

39
Q

Free centrale (2)-(NEET 2016)

A

Dianthus and Primrose

40
Q

Basal ex (2)

A

Sunflower and marigold

41
Q

In marginal placenta forms a ridge along the dorsal suture of the ovary T/F

A

Sunflower and marigold

42
Q

The ovules are born on this ridge forming one/two rows

A

Sunflower and marigold

43
Q

In placentation the ovales develop on the emer wall of the cry or on peripheral part (NEET 2001)

A

parietal

44
Q

False septum is formed in placentation

A

Parietal

45
Q

When placenta is axial and the ones are attached to it in a multilocular ovary the placentation -

A

Axile

46
Q

When moules are borne on central axis and septa are absent, the placentation is-

A

Free central

47
Q

Placenta develop of _______ of ovary in sunflower

A

Base

48
Q

Usually more than one ovule is attached to the ovary in basal placentation T/F

A

F. only one single ovule in attached

49
Q

Fruit formed without fertilization called-

A

Parthenocarpy

50
Q

Identify the parts of a fruit shown in DigaQ 14

A

DigaQ 14-X-Mango A- Epicarp.
B-Mesocarp. C-Seed D - Endocarp: Y-
Coconut A Mesocarp, B-Seed C- Endocarp

51
Q

Fruit have 3 layers- pericarp, mesocarp & endocarp T/F Fruit consists of- (2)

A

F. epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp

52
Q

Fruit consists of- (2)

A

Pericarp and seed

53
Q

When pericarp is dry it differentiates into endocarp mesocarp and epicarp T/F

A

F

54
Q

Pericarp differentiates when it is ______ and _______

A

Fleshy and thick

55
Q

Drupe ex (2) (NEET 2017)

A

Mango, coconut

56
Q

Drupe fruit develops from manocarpellary/polycarpellary and superior/inferior ovaries and has one/many seeds

A

Monocarpellary, superior, one

57
Q

Epicarp/Mesocarp/Endocarp is fibrous in coconut.

A

Mesocarp

58
Q

Mango has edible ______ carp and stony _______ carp

A

meso, endo

59
Q

Parts of embryo are -(3)

A

radicle, embryonal axis, cotyledons

60
Q

Identify the parts of a dicotyledonous seed shown in DigaQ 15.

A

DigaQ. 15-A-Seed coat, B - Hilum. C -
Micropyle, X-Cotyledon, Y - Plumule. Z - Radicle

61
Q

Identify the parts of a monocotyledonous seed shown in DigaQ 16

A

DigaQ. 16-A- Endosperm, B- Scutellum, C-Coleoptile, D- Plumule, E-Radicle, F - Coleorhiza, H-Seed coat & fruit-wall. G - Aleurone layer. I -Embryo

62
Q

Outermost covering of seed is called-

A

Seed coat

63
Q

No of layers in seed coat-

A

2

64
Q

Outer layer is ______ inner layer is ________

A

Testa, tegmen

65
Q

Developing seed is attached to the fruit through _______ which is a scar on _______

A

Hilum, seed coat

66
Q

Below hilum is a small pore called micropyle. T/F

A

F. above hilum

67
Q

At the 2 ends of the embryonal axis is present ________ and ________

A

radicle & plumule

68
Q

Endospermous seed ex (2)-

A

Monocot, castor

69
Q

Non-endospermic seed ex (2) -

A

Dicot, orchid

70
Q

In seeds of cereals such as _______ seed coat is fused with the fruit wall

A

Cereals, maize

71
Q

Seed coat is membranous in- (D

A

Maize

72
Q

Endosperm and embryo are separated by ________

A

Aleurone layer

73
Q

Aleurone layer is made of protein/fat

A

Protein

74
Q

The cotyledon of monocot is called ________ Its shape is like a (NEET 2016)

A

Scutellum shield

75
Q

Plamule is enclosed in _______ and _______ radicle in

A

Coleoptile, Coleorhiza

76
Q

The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented
by a ________ on the ________ of the floral diagram

A

dot, top

77
Q

In floral formula Br & P stands for-

A

Br-Bractate, P- Perianth

78
Q

Fusion is indicated by enclosing figures within.

A

brackets

79
Q

Adhesion is indicated by-

A

by a line drawn above the symbols of floral parts

80
Q

The feature of flower which can be shown by floral formula but not by floral diagram is-

A

Position of ovary

81
Q

After fertilisation ovules develop into _______ and ovary into _______

A

seed, fruit

82
Q

Feature shown only floral diagram but not by floral formula is-

A

Aestivation & placentation

83
Q

Leaves of all the families given in NCERT are of _______ phyllotaxy

A

Alternate

83
Q

Fabaceae was earlier known as ________ a subfamily of ________

A

Papilionoideae, leguminosae

83
Q

Only monocot family in NCERT is -

A

Liliaceae

83
Q

_________ is commonly known as the potato family

A

Solanaceae

83
Q

Root have _______ with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called ________ in Fabaceae

A

Root nodules, Rhizobium

83
Q

Only family given in NCERT which is stipulate is ________

A

Fabaceae

83
Q

Leaf base is pulvinate in ______ family

A

Fabaceae

84
Q

Family of NCERT which may have pinnate leaves present are (2) -

A

Fab and Solan

84
Q

Stem is erect or climber in-

A

Fabaceae

84
Q

Herbaceous, rarely woody aerial erect stem is found in -

A

Solanaceae

84
Q

Hairy or glabrous stem is found in-

A

Solanaceae

84
Q

Simple, rarely pinnate leaves are found in -

A

Solanaceae

85
Q

Palmale leaves are present in which family of NCERT?

A

None, both faba and solan have simple or pinnate and lili have basal simple linear

86
Q

Identify the families A, B, C and D shown in Digal 17 and write its floral formula (NEET 2021)

A

DigaQ. 17
A-Brassicaceae - ⨁ Bisexual K2+2 C4 A2+4 G(2)
B-Fabaceae - % Bisexual K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1G1
C-Solanaceae - ⨁ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)
D-Liliaceae Br ⨁ P(3+3) A3+3 G(3)

87
Q

The only family having racemose inflorescence is -

A

Fabaceae

87
Q

Only family having zygomorphic flower-

A

Fabaceae

87
Q

NCERT family which have unisexual flower is-

A

None, all the bisexual

87
Q

In Fab, calyx & corolla aestivation is _______ and _______ respectively

A

Valvate, vexillary

87
Q

Stamens number in Fab, Solan Lili are respectively _______, _______, _______.

A

10, 5, 6(3+3)

87
Q

Androecium is attached to accessory whorls in (2) -

A

Solan (to petals) & Lili (to tepals)

87
Q

In potato family calyx and corolla aestivation is ______ and ______

A

Valvate both

87
Q

Gamosepalous condition is in (2) -

A

Fab and Solan

87
Q

Tepal in _______ have ______ aestivation

A

Liliaceae, valvate

87
Q

Diadelphous, anther dithecous is present in-

A

Fabaceae

88
Q

Carpels in Fab Solan Lili are respectively _______, _______, ______(NEET 2016)

A

1, 2, 3

88
Q

NCERT family having inferior ovary is -

A

None, all are superior

89
Q

Locules in Fab, Solan, Lili are respectively ______, ______, _______.

A

1, 2, 3

90
Q

Syncarpous family (2)-

A

Solan and Lili

90
Q

Axile placentation family (2)-

A

Solan and Lili

91
Q

Swollen placenta is present in-

A

Solanaceae

92
Q

Fruit of Fabaceae is-

A

Legume

93
Q

Fruit of Liliaceae - (2)

A

Capsule, rarely berry

93
Q

Fruit of Solanaceae - (2)

A

Berry or capsule

94
Q

Solanaceae have non-endospermous seeds. T/F

A

F. it have endospermous seeds

95
Q

Only family having non- endospermous seed is-

A

Fabaceae

96
Q

Medicines found in Fab, Solan, Lili respectively are-

A

Fab - Muliathi, Solan - Belladonna,
Ashwagandha, Lili - Aloe

96
Q

Ornamental in Fab, Solan, Lili respectively are -

A

Fab - Lupin, sweet pea, Solan - Petunia.
Lili - Gloriosa, tulip

96
Q

Pubesex (5)-

A

Gram, arhar, sem, moong, soybean

97
Q

Food in Solanaceae (3)-

A

Potato, tomato, brinjal

98
Q

Fodder ex (2)-

A

Trifolium, Sesbania

99
Q

Food in Laceae (2)-

A

Asparagus, Allium cepa

100
Q

Edible al ex (2)-

A

Soyabean, groundnut

101
Q

Dyes and fibers found in Fabaceae are-

A

Indigofera, sunhemp

102
Q

Spices of Solanaceae (I)-

A

Chilli

103
Q

Tobacco comes from dried leaves of ________ found in family _________

A

Nicotiana tabacum, Solanaceae

104
Q

__________ yield colchicine used in __________

A

Colchicum autumnale, doubling of chromosomes Liliaceae examples mnemonic - GATAC - Gloriosa, Aloe,Tulip. Asparagus, Colchicine

BioHack (24 decks)

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