Chapter 5 : MORPHOLOGY OF FLOWERING PLANTS Flashcards
1
Q
In majority dicot, the direct elongation of ________ leads to the formation of primary/secondary root.
A
Radicle Primary
2
Q
In ________ primary root is short-lived and is replaced by large number of rests that originate from base of stem called ________ roots (NEET 201
A
Monocots, fibrous
2
Q
Identify the types of roots shown in Digal. IA B and C Label X and Y
A
Digall 1-A-Tap B-Fibrous C-Adventitious: X-Main root, Y-Laterals
2
Q
Name the 3 root systems
A
Tap, fibrous, adventitious
2
Q
Fibrous roots originate from a part of plant other
than radicle T/F
A
F
2
Q
Identify the regions of the root-tip shown in DigQ 2
A
DigaQ. 2-A-region of maturation, B-region of
elongation, C-region of meristematic activity.
D-root cap. E-root hair
2
Q
Roat hair arise from __________
A
Zone of maturation
2
Q
Ex of fibrous root (1) -
A
Wheat
2
Q
Thimble-like structure covering root apex is called-
A
Root cap
2
Q
Tap roof system ex -
A
Mustard
2
Q
Function of root cap-
A
Protect tender apex of root
2
Q
Adventitious root definition-
A
Arise from part of plant other than radicle
2
Q
Cells of the region of meristematic activity are very big. T/F
A
F. small
2
Q
Adventitious root ex (3)-(NEET 2018)
A
Grass Monstera and banyan free
2
Q
They have thin walls and dense protoplasm T/F
A
T
2
Q
Function of roots are (4) -
A
(i) Absorption of water and minerals
(ii) Providing a proper anchorage
(iii) Staring reserve food material
(iv) Synthesis of PGR
2
Q
Zone responsible for the growth of the root in length is-
A
Zone of elongation
2
Q
Hanging structures supporting banyan tree are called-
A
Prop root
2
Q
Tap root of ________ and adventitious roof of _________ stare food
A
Carrot, turnip, sweet potato
2
Q
Pneumalophores are present in - (NEET 2022)
A
Rhizophora
2
Q
Stilt root example (2)-
A
Maize, sugarcane
3
Q
In some plants growing in _______ areas, roots come out of the ground and grow horizontally/vertically
A
swampy, vertically
3
Q
Stilt root arise from lower nodes of stem T/F
A
T
3
Q
Function of penuatophores - (NEET 2022)
A
oxygen
3
Stem develops from ________ of embryo
Plumule
3
Identify the modifications of root shown in Diga 3 A and B
DigaQ, 3-A-roots modified for storage in Asparagus, B-Pneumatophore in Rhizophora
3
Region of stem where leaves are born is called -
node
3
Partion between the 2 nodes is called-
internode
3
Stem conducts water, minerals and photosynthates T/F
T
3
Identify the functions (A, B, C and D) of the modifications of stem and its examples (W, X, Y and Z shown in DigaQ 4
DigaQ. 4-A-storage. W - Zaminkand
B-support, X-Axillary bud modified into tendril in
= gourds and gravevines: C-protection, Y - Stem modified into spine in Bougainvillea: D - spread.
Z-Roots arising from nodes in Oxalis
3
They also act as an organ of perennation to tide ever unfavorable conditions. T/F
T
3
Types of buds that the stem bear are-
terminal and axillary bud
3
Examples of stem modified to store food (5) -
potato, ginger, turmeric, zaminkand, Colocasia
3
Stem tendrils en (4) (NEET 2016 2022
Gourds (cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon) and grapevines
3
Stem tendril develop from _________ buds
axillary
3
Allary bud modify into thorns in (2)-INEET 2016, 2022)
Citrus, Bougainvillea
4
Thorns are woody straight, and pointed T/F
T
4
Runners ex (2)-
Strawberry and grass
4
Some plants of arid regions modify their stem
to flattened stem ex- _______ or fleshy cylindrical stem ex- _________
Opuntia, Euphorbia
4
What are stolons?
Slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main axis and after growing aerially for sometime arch downwards to touch the ground
5
Such structures are called ________
Phylloclade
5
Sub-aerial stems example-(4) (NEET 2022)
Offsets, sucker, runner, stolons
5
Stolons ex (2)-
Mint and Jasmine
5
What are runners?
Prostrate branched with long internodes, spread of to new niches when older parts die
5
What are offsets?
A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots
5
Offsets ex (2) -
Pistia, Eichhornia
5
What are suckers?
lateral branches originate from the basal and underground portion of stem, grow horizontally beneath the soil, then come out obliquely upward giving rise to leafy shoots
6
Leaf develops at a _______ and bears a _______ in its and
Node, bud
6
Suckers ex (3)-
Pineapple, Chrysanthemum, Banana (PCB)
6
Pitcher plant venus fly trap are also example modified stem T/F (NEET 2016)
F, they are example of modified leaf
6
_______ bud later develops into a branch
Axillary
6
Leaf is attached te stem by a ________
leaf base
6
Leaves are arranged in a basipetal manner. T/F
F. acropetal manner
7
In monocat/dicat, the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem partially or wholly
monocots
7
Parts of leaf is (3)-
Leaf base, petiole and lamina
7
Leaves eriginale form shool apical meristem T/F
T
7
Identify the parts of a leaf shown in Digal. 5
DigaQ. 5-A-Lamina, B-Stipule, C-Petiole.
D-Leaf base, E-Axillary bud
7
In some ________ plants, the leaf base may become swollen, which is called-
Leguminous, Pulvinus
7
Most important vegetative organs for photosynthesis is -
Leaves
7
________ bear two small leaf-like structures called-
Leaf base, Stipules
8
Petiole is long thick and flexible. T/F
F. it is thin not thin
8
Lamina is also called ________
Leaf blade
8
Veins provide fluidity to the lead blade T/F
F. rigidity
8
_________ venation is seen in monocot & _________ venation is seen in dicat
parallel and reticulate
8
_______ help hold the blade to light
Petiole
9
The lamina is incised but doesn't touch the mine. The leaf is simple/compound
Simple
9
How to differentiate between simple leaf and compound leaflet?
Bud is present in the axil of leaf but not leaflet
9
In pinnately compound leaf, the leaflets are present on a common avis called-
Rachis
10
The middle prominent vein in the lamina is called -
Midrib
10
In palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are attached at -
Tip of petiole
11
Types of phyllotary-(3)
Alternate, Opposite, Whorled
12
Alternate ex-(3)
Mustard, sunflower, china rose.
(Mnemonic - MSC)
12
Whorled ex-(2)
Alstonia, Nerium
12
Identify the types of compound leaves shown in DigaQ 6 Label X
DigaQ. 6-A-pinnately compound leaf. B- palmately compound leaf. X-Rachis
13
Write the types of compound leaf (2) with one ex of each
Pinnate Neem Palmate - Silk cotton
13
Leaves store food ex-(2)
Onion, garlic
13
Leaf tendrils ex-(1)
Peas, sweet peas
13
In _______ leaves are small and short-lived
Australian Acacia
13
Insectivorous plants with modified leaves - (2)
Pitcher plant, venus-fly trap
13
_________ meristem change lo floral meristem to make a flower.
Shoot apical meristem
13
Identify the different types of phylotaxy (A B and C) and its examples (X Y and Z) shown in DigaQ 7
DigaQ. 7-A-Alternate, B - Opposite,
72. Tip of petiole
C-Whorled: X-China rose, Y - Guava,
Z - Alstonia
13
Identify the modifications of leaves (A, B and C) and th examples (X, Y and Z) shown in Digalt. 8.
DigaQ. 8-A-support: tendril. B - protection: spines, C-storage fleshy leaves: X-Pea, Y-Cactus, Z-Onion
13
In racemose, flowers are arranged basipelally T/F
F. in acropetal order
13
While making a flower, internades don't elongate and anis condenses T/F
T
13
In racemose, flowers are arranged basipelally T/F
Inflorescence
14
Accessory whorls are- (2)
Calyx and corolla
14
Swollen end of pedicel is called
Thalamus & receptacle
14
In _______ the calyx and corolla are not distinct hence called ________
Lily. Perianth
14
When both andraecum and gynoecium is present in a flower, it is called bisexual/unisexual
bisexual
14
Opposite ex-(2)
Guava, Calotropis
15
Actinomorphic means ________ symmetry
Radial
15
Bilateral symmetry means -
Zygomorphic
16
Asymmetric ex-(1)
Canna
16
Plants without bracts is called abractate T/F
F. ebractate
17
Flowers are classified as hypo, epi perigynous on which basis?
position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary
17
Hypogynous flowers have inferior ovary T/F
F. superior
17
Actinomorphic ex - (3)
Mustard, datura, chilli
18
What are bracts?
Reduced leaf found at the base of the pedicel
18
Ovaries are classified as hypo, epi and perigynous ovaries. T/F
F, flowers are classified, not ovaries
18
Zygomorphic ex (4)-(NEET 2022)
Pea glumohur, bean, cassia (Trick - BC PG)
19
Leaf spine ex- (1)
Cactus
19
Identify the types of inflorescence shown in DigaQ. 9
DigaQ 9-A-Cymose inflorescence,
B-Racemose inflorescence
19
In Australian Acacia _______ expand become green synthesis food called as-
petiole, phyllodes
19
The arrangement of flower on floral anis is termed as ________
T
19
Reproductive unit of angiosperms is-
Flower
20
Hypogynous flower ex (3) -
mustard, china rose and brinjal
20
Perigynous ex (3)-(NEET 2020)
plum, rose, peach
20
Epigynous ex (3)- (NEET 2020)
flowers of guava and cucumber, ray florets of sunflower
20
Identify the types of flowers shown in Digal 10 A.B.C and D.
DigaQ. 10-A-Hypogynous, B - Perigynous, C-Epigynous, D-Epigynous
20
Identify the parts of a flower shown in DigaQ 11
DigaQ. II-A - Androecium, B - Gynoecium, C-Corolla, D-Calyx, E-Pedicel
20
Outermast whorl of flower is-
Sepals
21
Fan of sepals is-
Protect the flower in bud stage
21
Types of calyx (2)-
Gamosepalous and polysepalous
21
Tell how many types of petals are present in vexillary flowers and their names
3. standard wings - keel
21
Define valvate aestivation
When sepals or petals in a whorl just touch one another at the margin without overlapping
21
Gamsepalous means fused calye T/F
T
21
Petals are brightly colored to attract insects T/F
T
21
Anther are usually bilobed/tetralobed
Bilobed
21
Sterile stamen is called-
Staminade
22
Corella shapes (4) -
Tubular, cell, funnel, wheel
23
Identify the types of aestivation in corella shown in Digol. 12
DigaQ. 12-A-Valvate, B - Twisted,
C-Imbricate, D-Vexillary
23
When each stamen remains free it is called polyadelphous T/F (NEET 2016)
F. polyandrous
23
Stamens attached to perianth called ________ Ex- ________
Epiphyllous, lily
23
Didelphus ex (1) - (NEET 2021 & 22)
Pea
23
Polyadelphous ex (1) -
Citrus
23
Ovules are attached to a cushion-like-
Placenta
23
_________ is the receptive surface for pollen grain
Stigma
24
Name the 4 types of aestivation
Valvate, twisted, imbricate, vexillary
24
Valate ex (1) -
Calotropis
25
Imbricate ex (2)-
Cassia gulmohur (Mnemonic - Cailium)
25
Twisted ex (3)-
China rose, lady finger, cotton (Mnemonic - CLC.
CulCuTaa - all capital letters denote ex and T denote twisted)
26
Vexillary ex (2)-
Pea and bean flowers
27
Margins overlap each other but not in any particular direction-
Imbricate, twisted have direction of overlapping
27
Total number of petals in vexillary aestivation is-
5
28
is also called papilionaceous
Vexillary
29
When stamens are attached to petals, they are called ________ Ex - ________
Epipetalous, brinjal
29
Monadelphous meaning and ex (1) -
Stamens in one bundle, china rose
30
Variation in length of filament is seen in (2) - (NEET 2016)
Salvia and mustard
31
Apocarpous meaning and ex (2)-
Carpels are free ex - lotus and rose
32
Suncorpous meaning and ex (2) - (NEET 2016)
Carpels are fused ex - Mustard and tomato
33
What is placentation?
the arrangement of ovules within the Ovary
34
Identify the types of placentation shown DigaQ 13
Digal. 13-A-Marginal B - Axile,
C-Parietal, D-Free central. E-Basal
35
Name all the types of placentation (5)-
Marginal axile, parietal, free central, basal
36
Marginal ex
Pea
37
Axle ex (3)-
China rose, tomato, lemon
38
Parietal ex (21)-
Mustard and Argemone
39
Free centrale (2)-(NEET 2016)
Dianthus and Primrose
40
Basal ex (2)
Sunflower and marigold
41
In marginal placenta forms a ridge along the dorsal suture of the ovary T/F
Sunflower and marigold
42
The ovules are born on this ridge forming one/two rows
Sunflower and marigold
43
In placentation the ovales develop on the emer wall of the cry or on peripheral part (NEET 2001)
parietal
44
False septum is formed in placentation
Parietal
45
When placenta is axial and the ones are attached to it in a multilocular ovary the placentation -
Axile
46
When moules are borne on central axis and septa are absent, the placentation is-
Free central
47
Placenta develop of _______ of ovary in sunflower
Base
48
Usually more than one ovule is attached to the ovary in basal placentation T/F
F. only one single ovule in attached
49
Fruit formed without fertilization called-
Parthenocarpy
50
Identify the parts of a fruit shown in DigaQ 14
DigaQ 14-X-Mango A- Epicarp.
B-Mesocarp. C-Seed D - Endocarp: Y-
Coconut A Mesocarp, B-Seed C- Endocarp
51
Fruit have 3 layers- pericarp, mesocarp & endocarp T/F Fruit consists of- (2)
F. epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp
52
Fruit consists of- (2)
Pericarp and seed
53
When pericarp is dry it differentiates into endocarp mesocarp and epicarp T/F
F
54
Pericarp differentiates when it is ______ and _______
Fleshy and thick
55
Drupe ex (2) (NEET 2017)
Mango, coconut
56
Drupe fruit develops from manocarpellary/polycarpellary and superior/inferior ovaries and has one/many seeds
Monocarpellary, superior, one
57
Epicarp/Mesocarp/Endocarp is fibrous in coconut.
Mesocarp
58
Mango has edible ______ carp and stony _______ carp
meso, endo
59
Parts of embryo are -(3)
radicle, embryonal axis, cotyledons
60
Identify the parts of a dicotyledonous seed shown in DigaQ 15.
DigaQ. 15-A-Seed coat, B - Hilum. C -
Micropyle, X-Cotyledon, Y - Plumule. Z - Radicle
61
Identify the parts of a monocotyledonous seed shown in DigaQ 16
DigaQ. 16-A- Endosperm, B- Scutellum, C-Coleoptile, D- Plumule, E-Radicle, F - Coleorhiza, H-Seed coat & fruit-wall. G - Aleurone layer. I -Embryo
62
Outermost covering of seed is called-
Seed coat
63
No of layers in seed coat-
2
64
Outer layer is ______ inner layer is ________
Testa, tegmen
65
Developing seed is attached to the fruit through _______ which is a scar on _______
Hilum, seed coat
66
Below hilum is a small pore called micropyle. T/F
F. above hilum
67
At the 2 ends of the embryonal axis is present ________ and ________
radicle & plumule
68
Endospermous seed ex (2)-
Monocot, castor
69
Non-endospermic seed ex (2) -
Dicot, orchid
70
In seeds of cereals such as _______ seed coat is fused with the fruit wall
Cereals, maize
71
Seed coat is membranous in- (D
Maize
72
Endosperm and embryo are separated by ________
Aleurone layer
73
Aleurone layer is made of protein/fat
Protein
74
The cotyledon of monocot is called ________ Its shape is like a (NEET 2016)
Scutellum shield
75
Plamule is enclosed in _______ and _______ radicle in
Coleoptile, Coleorhiza
76
The position of the mother axis with respect to the flower is represented
by a ________ on the ________ of the floral diagram
dot, top
77
In floral formula Br & P stands for-
Br-Bractate, P- Perianth
78
Fusion is indicated by enclosing figures within.
brackets
79
Adhesion is indicated by-
by a line drawn above the symbols of floral parts
80
The feature of flower which can be shown by floral formula but not by floral diagram is-
Position of ovary
81
After fertilisation ovules develop into _______ and ovary into _______
seed, fruit
82
Feature shown only floral diagram but not by floral formula is-
Aestivation & placentation
83
Leaves of all the families given in NCERT are of _______ phyllotaxy
Alternate
83
Fabaceae was earlier known as ________ a subfamily of ________
Papilionoideae, leguminosae
83
Only monocot family in NCERT is -
Liliaceae
83
_________ is commonly known as the potato family
Solanaceae
83
Root have _______ with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called ________ in Fabaceae
Root nodules, Rhizobium
83
Only family given in NCERT which is stipulate is ________
Fabaceae
83
Leaf base is pulvinate in ______ family
Fabaceae
84
Family of NCERT which may have pinnate leaves present are (2) -
Fab and Solan
84
Stem is erect or climber in-
Fabaceae
84
Herbaceous, rarely woody aerial erect stem is found in -
Solanaceae
84
Hairy or glabrous stem is found in-
Solanaceae
84
Simple, rarely pinnate leaves are found in -
Solanaceae
85
Palmale leaves are present in which family of NCERT?
None, both faba and solan have simple or pinnate and lili have basal simple linear
86
Identify the families A, B, C and D shown in Digal 17 and write its floral formula (NEET 2021)
DigaQ. 17
A-Brassicaceae - ⨁ Bisexual K2+2 C4 A2+4 G(2)
B-Fabaceae - % Bisexual K(5) C1+2+(2) A(9)+1G1
C-Solanaceae - ⨁ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2)
D-Liliaceae Br ⨁ P(3+3) A3+3 G(3)
87
The only family having racemose inflorescence is -
Fabaceae
87
Only family having zygomorphic flower-
Fabaceae
87
NCERT family which have unisexual flower is-
None, all the bisexual
87
In Fab, calyx & corolla aestivation is _______ and _______ respectively
Valvate, vexillary
87
Stamens number in Fab, Solan Lili are respectively _______, _______, _______.
10, 5, 6(3+3)
87
Androecium is attached to accessory whorls in (2) -
Solan (to petals) & Lili (to tepals)
87
In potato family calyx and corolla aestivation is ______ and ______
Valvate both
87
Gamosepalous condition is in (2) -
Fab and Solan
87
Tepal in _______ have ______ aestivation
Liliaceae, valvate
87
Diadelphous, anther dithecous is present in-
Fabaceae
88
Carpels in Fab Solan Lili are respectively _______, _______, ______(NEET 2016)
1, 2, 3
88
NCERT family having inferior ovary is -
None, all are superior
89
Locules in Fab, Solan, Lili are respectively ______, ______, _______.
1, 2, 3
90
Syncarpous family (2)-
Solan and Lili
90
Axile placentation family (2)-
Solan and Lili
91
Swollen placenta is present in-
Solanaceae
92
Fruit of Fabaceae is-
Legume
93
Fruit of Liliaceae - (2)
Capsule, rarely berry
93
Fruit of Solanaceae - (2)
Berry or capsule
94
Solanaceae have non-endospermous seeds. T/F
F. it have endospermous seeds
95
Only family having non- endospermous seed is-
Fabaceae
96
Medicines found in Fab, Solan, Lili respectively are-
Fab - Muliathi, Solan - Belladonna,
Ashwagandha, Lili - Aloe
96
Ornamental in Fab, Solan, Lili respectively are -
Fab - Lupin, sweet pea, Solan - Petunia.
Lili - Gloriosa, tulip
96
Pubesex (5)-
Gram, arhar, sem, moong, soybean
97
Food in Solanaceae (3)-
Potato, tomato, brinjal
98
Fodder ex (2)-
Trifolium, Sesbania
99
Food in Laceae (2)-
Asparagus, Allium cepa
100
Edible al ex (2)-
Soyabean, groundnut
101
Dyes and fibers found in Fabaceae are-
Indigofera, sunhemp
102
Spices of Solanaceae (I)-
Chilli
103
Tobacco comes from dried leaves of ________ found in family _________
Nicotiana tabacum, Solanaceae
104
__________ yield colchicine used in __________
Colchicum autumnale, doubling of chromosomes Liliaceae examples mnemonic - GATAC - Gloriosa, Aloe,Tulip. Asparagus, Colchicine
