Chapter 3 : PLANT KINGDOM Flashcards
1
Q
Whittaker proposed 5 kingdom classification in year________
A
1969
2
Q
The earlier systems of classification used only ________ characters such as __________, __________, __________ and ________ etc
A
Gross superficial morphological, habit, color, number and shape of leaves
3
Q
Blue green algae is an algae. T/F
A
F. it is a bacteria
4
Q
Earlier system was based mainly on ________ or on _________ given by Linnaeus
A
Vegetative characters, androecium structure
5
Q
Earlier system given by Linnaeus were natural/artificial, because -
A
Artificial they separated closely related species and were based on few morphological characters
6
Q
Artificial system gave equal weightage to ________ and ________
A
Vegetative and sexual characteristics
7
Q
Sexual characters and more easily influenced by environment then vegetative characteristics. T/F
A
F. vegetative characters are more easily influenced
8
Q
Natural system also consider internal features like - (4)
A
Ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology and phytochemistry
9
Q
Natural classification was given by _________ and _________ (NEET)
A
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker
10
Q
Natural system was based on __________ among the organism
A
Natural affinities
11
Q
At present, natural system of classification is accepted T/F
A
F. phylogenetic system is accepted
12
Q
Classification based on evolutionary relationship is ______ (NEET)
A
Phylogenetic classification
13
Q
________ taxonomy is carried out using computers
A
Numerical
14
Q
Numerical taxonomy work by assigning number and codes to all __________
A
Characters
15
Q
Each character is given weighted importance in numerical taxonomy. T/F
A
F. equal importance
16
Q
Hundreds of characters can be considered at the same time in ___________
A
Numerical taxonomy
17
Q
Cytotaxonomy is based on -(3)
A
Chromosome number, structure and behavior
18
Q
_________ uses chemical constituents of plants to resolve confusion
A
Chemotaxonomy
19
Q
First terrestrial plants to possess vascular bundles were-
A
Pteridophyta
20
Q
Algae are simple/complex and _______ in structure
A
Simple, thalloid
21
Q
Algae are not found in marine environment. T/F
A
F. found in both fresh water and marine
22
Q
Example of animal associating with algae -
A
Sloth bear
23
Q
Unicellular from of algae ex - (1)
A
Chlamydomonas
24
Q
Colonial form of algae ex (1)-(NEET 2017)
A
Volvox
25
Filamentous form ALGAE ex (2) -
Ulothrix and Spirogyra
26
Marine form ALGAE ex (1) -
Kelp
27
Kelps form massive plant bodies. T/F
T
28
Methods of reproduction of algae is - (3)
Vegetative, asexual and sexual
29
Algae don't reproduce by sexual method. T/F
F
30
Vegetative reproduction in algae is by-
Fragmentation
31
Most common asexual spore of algae is -
Zoospore
32
Zoospores are cilated T/F
F, they are flagellated
33
Flagellated isogametes for sexual reproduction found in (1)
Ulothrix
34
Non-flagellated isogametes are found in ex (1)-(NEET 2013)
Spirogyra
35
Example of ansegamous conditions - (NEET)
Eudorina
36
Ex of oogamous condition (2)-(NEET)
Volvox, Fucus
37
Draw and lable The algae: Volvox
Green Agae
Voliball Like:
1. Daughter colony
2. Parent Clony
38
Draw and lable The algae: Ulothrix
Green Algae
Ladder Like:
39
Draw and lable The algae: Porphyra
Red Algae
Flat leaf like :
1. Frond
40
Draw and lable The algae: Chara
Green Algae
CCCCCC Like:
1. Bramches
2. Axis
41
Draw and lable The algae: Fucus
Brown algae
Few Branches like:
1. Air Bladder
2.Frond
3. Midrib
4. holdfast
42
Draw and lable The algae: Dictyota
Brown Algae
Dicot plant's root like:
1. Frond
2. Stipe
43
Draw and lable The algae: Laminaria
Brown algae
Leaf like str. :
1. fround
2. stripe
3. holdfast
44
At least _____% of total CO2 on earth is fixed by algae
50%
45
However they are not able to increase the level of dissolved oxygen in their surroundings instead they increase the BOD (biological oxygen demand) T/F (NEET-II 2016)
F. increase level of Dissolved oxygen
46
They produce energy-rich compounds. T/F
T
47
No of species of marine algae used as food is (NEET 2016)
70
48
Tell 3 examples of marine algae used as food - (NEET)
Porphyra, laminaria, sargassum
49
Water holding substance called _______ is produced by ________ and ________ types of algae
hydrocolloid, red and brown
50
Hydrocolloids are produced by fresh water algae. T/F
F. marine algae. hydrocolloid, red and brown
51
Example of hydrocolloids are - (2)
Algin and carrageen
52
Algin is produced by - (NEET 2016, 2021, 2022)
Brown algae
53
Red algae
Red algae
54
Agar is obtained from _______ & ________ (NEET-II 2016)
Gelidium and Gracillaria
55
Agar is used to grow _______ and in preparation of ________ & ________ (NEET)
microbes, ice creams, and jellies
56
Chlorella is multicellular. T/F (NEET)
F. unicellular
57
Chlorella is rich in _______ used by space travelers. (NEET)
protein
58
CHLOROPHYCEAE Commonly called -
Green algae
59
CHLOROPHYCEAE Plant body maybe of 3 forms. Name them.
Unicelluar, colonial or filamentous
60
CHLOROPHYCEAE dominance of which two pigment?
Chl a and b
61
Chloroplast in green algae can't be ribbon shaped T/F
F
62
Shapes of chloroplast in green algae (6) -
Discoid plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped spiral and ribbon shaped
63
In CHLOROPHYCEAE Storage body located in chloroplasts are called _______
Pyrenoids
64
Pyrenoids don't contain protein. T/F
False, contain protein & starch both
65
Some algae may store food in the form of oil droplets. T/F
T
66
Green algae cell wall is made of inner layer of _______ and outer layer of ________
Cellulose, pectose
67
In CHLOROPHYCEAE Vegetative rep take place by _______ or _________
Fragmentation or spores
68
In CHLOROPHYCEAE Asexual reproduction take place by non-flagellated spores. T/F
F. by flagellated spores
69
The zoospore are produced in ________
Zoosporangia
70
Green algae are only isogamous and anisogamous in nature. T/F (NEET 2013)
F. can be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous
71
CHLOROPHYCEAE Examples (5)
Spirogyra, ulothrix, volvox, Chara, Chlamydomonas (Mnemonic-SUV Car Chalaya ?)
72
Phaeophyceae are found particularly in marine habitats. T/F
True
73
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Filamentous form found in (1) -
Ectocarpus
74
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Profusely branched form are ______ which may reach a height of ______m.
Kelps, 100m
75
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Pigments present - (4) (NEET)
Chl a, c, carotenoids, xanthophyll
76
Brown algae can be olive green. T/F
True
77
In PHAEOPHYCEAE The colour vary from olive green to brown depending upon the amount of _________ which is a type of _________ pigment. (NEET 2022)
Fucoxanthin, Xanthophyll
78
in PHAEOPHYCEAE Food is stored in the form of _______ or _________ (NEET 2021 & 22)
Laminarin or mannitol
79
In PHAEOPHYCEAE The vegetative cells have a _______ wall covered from outside by _______
Cellulosic, algin
80
________ is a gelatinous coating.
Algin
81
The plant body is attached to substratum by ______ and has a stalk called _______
Holdfast, stipe
82
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Leaf like photosynthetic organ is called -
Frond
83
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Vegetative rep happen by-
Fragmentation
84
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Asexual rep happen by uni/biflagellate ________ which are ________ shaped (NEET)
Biflagellate zoospore, pear (pyriform)
85
In PHAEOPHYCEAE zoospores have one/two, equal/unequal and medially/laterally attached flagella
Two, unequal, laterally
86
Isogamous sexual rep is not seen in phaeophyceae. T/F
F. all 3 types are seen
87
In PHAEOPHYCEAE Gametes are _____ shaped and bear one/two cilla/flagella medially/laterally attached.
Pyriform, two, flagella, laterally
88
PHAEOPHYCEAE Example (5) - (NEET 2021 & 22)
Sargassum Ectocarpus, Laminaria, Fucus,
Dictyota - (Mnemonic - SELFie le ke DP lagao) Rhodophyceae
89
In RHODOPHYCEAE Red due to presence of pigment -
R- phycoerythrin
90
In RHODOPHYCEAE Majority are fresh water. T/F
F. majority marine.
91
RHODOPHYCEAE are found in greater conc. in cooler/warmer areas
warmer
92
RHODOPHYCEAE are found mostly in great depths in oceans and not in lighted areas. T/F
F. occur in both well-lighted regions and great depths in oceans
93
In RHODOPHYCEAE Food is stored as _______ which is similar to _______ and in structure (NEET 2020 & 22)
Floridean starch, amylopectin and glycogen
94
In RHODOPHYCEAE Vegetative rep by ________
Fragmentation
95
In RHODOPHYCEAE reproduce asexually by biflagellate zoospores. T/F (NEET)
F. by non-motile spores
96
In RHODOPHYCEAE Sexually by non-motile spore, T/F
F. by non-motile gamete, not spore
97
In RHODOPHYCEAE are complex post fertilisation events.
Red algae
98
Sexual rep in red algae may be isogamous, anisogamous oogamous. T/F
F. only oogamous
99
In RHODOPHYCEAE Examples - (4) (NEET 2022)
Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracillaria & Gelidium, Mne
-(Parth Goyal)²
100
Identify the species of bryophyles X and Y shown in Digal. 8. Label A to F.
DigaQ. 8-X-Female Marchantia,
Y-Male Marchantia:
A-Archegoniophore, B-Gemma Cup.
C-Rhizoids, D-Antheridiophore, E- Gemma Cup.
F-Rhizoids
101
Identify the bryophytes shown in Digad. 9. Label A to E
DigaQ. 9-Funaria, A - Capsule, B - Seta, B-Seta, C-Leaves, D-Main axis, E- Rhizoids
102
Identify the bryophytes shown in DigaQ. 10. Label A, B and C
DigaQ. 10-Sphagnum, A - Antheridial Branch,
B-Branches, C-Archegonial Branch
103
Are called ___________ of plant kingdom
Amphibians
104
BRYOPHYTES plants are dependent on _______ for sexual reproduction (NEET
Water
105
Why called amphibians of plant kingdom?
Because they can live in soil but dependent on water for sexual rep
106
BRYOPHYTES are found in dry/moist, shady/well-lit areas in the hills/plains
moist, shady, hill
107
BRYOPHYTES play important role in. on bare rocks & soils (NEET)
Plant succession
108
BRYOPHYTES are attached to substratum by ________
Rhizoids
109
Rhizoids may be unicellular or multicellular. T/F
T
110
Bryophytes have true roof, stem and leaves. T/F
F
111
The main plant body of bryophytes is haploid/diploid
haploid
112
BRYOPHYTES is called -
Gametophyte
113
The male sex organ of bryophytes is called ________ and produce uni/biflagellate antherozoids.
Antheridium, biflagellate
114
In BRYOPHYTES The female sex organ is _______ shaped and is called - (NEET)
Flask, archegonium
115
BRYOPHYTES produces multiple eggs.T/F
F. only one egg
116
In BRYOPHYTES The zygote undergo reductional division to form sporophyte. T/F
F. it do not undergo reductional division
117
In BRYOPHYTES Sporophyte is not free-living. T/F
T
118
In BRYOPHYTES Sporophyte produce haploid gamete to form gametophyte. T/F
F. haploid spore
119
Bryophytes are of great economic importance. T/F
F. little economic importance
120
Bryophytes are of great ecological importance. T/F
T
121
Mosses provide ________ to herbaceous mammals, birds and
other animals
food
122
Peat is provided by _______ which is a moss/liverwort (NEET)
Sphagnum, moss
123
Uses of peat - (2)
Fuel, packing material
124
Peat is used for trans-shipment of non-living materials because of their capacity to hold water. T/F
False, living materials
125
First organisms to colonise rocks were ________ and ________ (NEET)
Mosses and lichens
126
Mosses decompose _______ making substrate suitable for growth
rock
127
Mosses reduce impact of falling rain. T/F
T
128
Mosses prevent soil erosion. T/F
T
129
Plant body of liverwort is _______ structure.
Thalloid
130
In LIVERWORTS The thallus is dorsiventral/isobilateral.
Dorsiventral
131
In LIVERWORTS Thallus is closely appressed to the substrate. T/F
T
132
In LIVERWORTS Asexual rep takes place by ________ or by specialised structure called ________
Fragmentation, gemmae
133
Gemmae are green/white, uni/multicellular, asexual/sexual buds which develop in small receptors called ________ (NEET 2021)
Green, multicellular, asexual gemmae cup
134
In LIVERWORTS The sporophyte is differentiated into 3 parts. Name them
Foot, seta, capsule
135
In LIVERWORTS During sexual rep, male and female sex organs are produced on always on different thalli. T/F
F. can be on the same thalli
136
In LIVERWORTS Spores are produced in the _______ part of gametophyte/sporophyte
Capsule, sporophyte
137
Liverworts/moss have elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal
Mosses
138
In MOSSES Gametophyte consist of two stages, first stage is ______ and second is ______
Protonema and leafy stage
139
Protonema stage is upright/creeping, green/white, unbranched/branched
Creeping, green, branched
140
Protonema develops directly from a _______
Spore
141
MOSSES can be filamentous. T/F
T
142
In MOSSES Leafy stage develops from primary/secondary protonema as a medial/lateral bud
Secondary lateral
143
In MOSSES Leafy stage has ______ type of arrangement of leaves
Spiral
144
MOSSES are attached to soil through uni/multicellular and unbranched/branched rhizoids
Multicellular, branched
145
Protonema stage bears sex organs. T/F
F. leafy stage bear sex organs
146
In MOSSES Vegetative rep by - (2)
Fragmentation and budding
147
In MOSSES Antheridia and archegonia are produced at the base of the leafy shoot. T/F
F. apex of leafy shoot
148
The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than moss. T/F (NEET)
F. sporophyte in moss is more elaborate than liverworts
149
MOSSES Examples (3) - (NEET
Funaria, Polytrichum and Sphagnum Brytophyte mnemonic-Sala Pappu Mother F**er - Sphagnum,
Polytrichum, Marchantia, Funaria
150
Pteridophyta include _______ & ______ (NEET)
Horsetails and ferns
151
PTERIDOPHYTES Used for - (2)
medicinal purpose and soil binders
152
PTERIDOPHYTES Frequently grown as ornamentals. T/F
T
153
PTERIDOPHYTES Found in hot/cool, dry/damp. lit/shady place
cool, damp, shady
154
PTERIDOPHYTES may flourish in sandy soil. T/F
T
155
PTERIDOPHYTES have true roots, stems, and leaves. T/F
T
156
In PTERIDOPHYTES Main plant body is a gametophyte/sporophyte. (NEET)
sporophyte
157
Pteridophytes have well differentiated vascular bundles. T/F
T
158
Example of species possessing microphylls (1) - (NEET)
Selaginella
159
Example of species possessing macrophylls (1) - (NEET
Ferns
160
In PTERIDOPHYTES Leaf like appendages are called _______ which bear _______
Sporophylls, sporangia
161
Strobili also called _____ are present in (2) -
Cones, Ex-Selaginella, Equisetum
162
Spores give rise to conspicuous/inconspicuous, unicellular/multicellular, thalloid gametophyte called -
Inconspicuous, multicellular, prothallus
163
In PTERIDOPHYTES Gametophyte requires which kind of environment to grow?
cool, damp, shady
164
PTERIDOPHYTES are restricted to narrow geographical regions because - (2) (NEET)
need of water for fertillisation & requirement of cool, damp and shady place to grow
165
In PTERIDOPHYTES Sporophyte bear antheridia and archegonia. T/F
F. gametophyte bear it
166
What is the function of water in fertilization? (NEET-11 2016)
It is required in transfer of antherozoids to the mouth of archegonia
167
Example of heterosporous plants (3) - (NEET 2018, 2021)
Selaginella, Marselia, Salvinia (Mnemonic - SMS)
168
168. Majority of pteridophytes are heterosporous. T/F
F, are homosporous
169
In PTERIDOPHYTES Megaspore germinate to give rise to -
Female gametophyte
170
In PTERIDOPHYTES _______ germinate to give rise to male gametophyte
female gametophyte
171
In PTERIDOPHYTES The female gametophyte is retained on the parent sporophyte for variable periods. T/F (NEET)
microspores
172
In PTERIDOPHYTES The development of zygote to young embryos take place in _________ (NEET)
female gametophyte
173
PTERIDOPHYTES event is precursor of ________ (NEET)
Seed habitat
174
In PTERIDOPHYTES Classes (4) and their examples - (NEET)
Psilopsida (Psilotum), Lycopsida (Selaginella,
Lycopodium), Sphenopsida (Equisetum) & Pteropsida
(Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum) Mnemonic - (Ptere Sote Psapne Ly 360/360)
175
Identify the pteridophyte shown in DigaQ. II. Label A, B and C
DigaQ. II- Selaginella: A - Leaves, B - Roots,
C-Stem
176
Identify the pteridophyte shown in DigaQ. 12. Label A to E
DigaQ. 12 - Equisetum: A - Strobilus, B - Node,
C-Internode, D-Branch, E- Rhizome
177
Identify the the pteridophytes X and Y shown in DigaQ 13.
DigaQ. 13-X - Fern, Y - Salvinia
178
"Gymnosperms means" ________
Naked seeds
179
Ovules are not enclosed in a _______ (NEET)
Ovary wall
180
In gymno, ovules remains exposed even after fertilisation. T/F
T
181
_______ is also called the giant redwood tree (NEET)
Sequioa
182
Gymnosperms generally have tap/adventitious roots.
Tap
183
Mycorrhiza is found in - (1)
Pinus
184
In Cycas ______ roots are found in association with _______ (NEET)
Coralloid root, N2 fixing cynobacteria
185
Unbranched stem found in - (1) (NEET 2018)
Cycus
186
Branched stem found in - (2) (NEET 2018)
Pinus, Cedrus
187
Only compound leaves are found in gymnosperms. T/F
F. simple and compound both are found
188
In Cycas, _______ type of leaves persist for few (NEET)
Pinnate
189
The leaves of gymnosperms are well adapted to withstand extreme
temperature, humidity, and wind T/F (NEET-1 2016)
True
190
In conifers, needle-like leaves are present. T/F (NEET)
True
191
Adaptations to minimize water loss in gymnosperms are - (3) (NEET)
needle-like leaves, thick cuticle & sunken stomata
192
They are both hetero and homosporous. T/F (NEET 2016, 2018)
F. only heterosporous
193
Sporophylls are arranged spirally. T/F
T
194
Spores are produced in _______ that borne on ________
sporangia, sporophylls
195
Cones are also called _______ or ________
Strobili or lax
196
Male strobili is also called _______ & bear _______ and _______
Microsporangiate, microsporophylls and microsporangia
197
Megasporangia also called -
Ovules
198
Female strobili also called -
Macrosporangiate
199
Pinus is monoecious/dioecious. (NEET 2017)
Monoecious
200
Cycas is monoecious/dioecious (NEET 2017, 2021)
Dioecious
201
Megaspore mother cell is differentiated from ______
Nucellus
202
Nucellus + Envelope which protect it =
Ovules
203
In GYMNOSPERMS Megaspore MC divided mitotically/meiotically.
Meiotically
204
InGYMNOSPERMS Ovules are born on -
Megasporophylls
205
Archegonia is a primitive structure hence absent in gymnosperms. T/F
F. it is present
206
One female gametophyte bear only one archegonium. T/F
F. two or more archegonia
207
Female gametophyte is retained within megasporangium. T/F
T
208
In gymnosperms, male and female gametophytes have dependent/independent existence (NEET)
dependent
209
GYMNOSPERMS Examples - (5)
Sequoia, Cycus, Cedrus, Pinus, Ginkgo. Mnemonic - Parth Go. haters are naked, so they say SC Ca PG
(Schedule Caste Ca Parth Go) - Sequoia, Cycus, Cedrus, Pinus, Ginkgo
210
Identify the gymnosperm species X, Y and Z shown in DigaQ. 14.
Label A, B and C
DigaQ. 14-X - Cycus, Y - Pinus, Z - Ginkgo:
A-Dwarf shoot, B - Long shoot, C - Seeds
211
Smallest plant in the world-
Wolfia
212
Largest plant in the world -
Sequoia
213
Largest Angiosperm-
Eucalyptus
214
Eucalyptus height is below 100m. T/F
F. above 100 m
215
Stamen consists of two parts Name them.
Anther and filament
216
Reticulate venation is seen in monocot/dicot
Dicot
217
Tetra or pentamerous flowers are found in monocot/dicot
Dicot
218
Monocot have ________ merous flowers & _______ venation in leaves.
trimerous, parallel
219
Female sex organi in a flower is -
Pistil
220
Pistil have a swollen _____ at base
Ovary
221
GYMNOSPERMS Pistil divided into (3) -
Stigma, style and ovary
222
______ event is unique to angiosperms (NEET)
Double fertilisation
223
Identify A in the life cycle of an angiosperm shown in Digal 15
DigaQ. 15-A-Embryo
224
Each embryo sac has a two-celled egg apparatus. T/F
F. three-celled apparatus
225
Each ovule has 2 megaspore mother cell T/F (NEET)
F. only one megaspore mother cell
226
The egg apparatus have no of cells and no. of nuclei (NEET)
7, 8
227
The polar nuclei fuse to form -
secondary nucleus
228
Name the cells in egg apparatus (NEET)
. cell synergids, antipodals, secondary nucleus
229
The pollen tubes enter the embryo sac where one male gamete is discharged. T/F
F. 2 gametes are discharged
230
Double fertilization is also seen in some rare species of gymnosperms. T/F
F. it is seen only in angio
231
Male gamete fuse with secondary nucleus to form -
Primary endosperm nucleus (PEM)
232
Synergids and antipodals degenerate after fetillisation T/F
T
233
The haploid plant body produce gamete by meiosis. T/F
F. by mitosis
234
meiosis is seen in haplontic life cycle (NEET 2017)
Zygotic
235
Gametophytic generation is represented only by zygote in diplontic life cycle. T/F
F. represented by small gametophyte of even few cells
236
Sporophytic generation is represented only by zygote in _________ life cycle
haplontic
237
Dominant phase in Pteridophyta is gametophyte/sporophyte
sporophyte
238
Ectocarpous is a bryophyte that shows halpo-diplonitic life cycle. T/F
F. it is a algae
239
A primitive species of bryophytes show a haplontic life cycle. T/F
F. all byrophyta are haplo-diplontic
240
All pteridophyte exhibit haplo-diplantic life cycle. T/F
T
241
Haplontic life cycle ex (3) - (NEET 2017, 2022
Volvox, Spirogyra and some species of
Chlamydomonas
242
Diplontic life cycle ex (3) - (NEET 2017, 2022)
Fucus, angio and gymno
243
Haplo-diplontic ex (5) - (NEET 2017, 2022)
Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, kelps, pterido and bryophyta
