Chapter 20 : LOCOMOTION AND MOVEMENT Flashcards
1
Q
Streaming of protoplasm in unicellular organism like ________ is a simple form of movement
A
Amoeba
2
Q
All movements are locomotion. T/F
A
F, all locomotion are movement
3
Q
In ________ cilia helps in the movement of food through cytopharynx.
A
Paramoecium
4
Q
In paramoecium, cilla doesn’t help in locomotion. T/F
A
F, it helps in locomotion
5
Q
Hydra uses tentacles for - (2)
A
to capture prey and also locomotion
6
Q
The 3 types of movement in cells of human body are·
A
Amoeboid ciliary and muscular
7
Q
Amoeboid movement is exhibited by (2) -
A
Macrophages and leucocytes
8
Q
Microtubules are involved in amoeboid movement. T/F
A
F, microfilaments are involved
9
Q
Ciliary movement occurs in most of our internal alveolar organs. T/F
A
F, internal tubular organs
10
Q
Ex of ciliary movement in the body - (2)
A
In trachea for removing dust and in passage of ova through female reproductive tract
11
Q
Muscles are endo/meso/ectodermal in origin
A
Mesodermal
12
Q
About ___-___% of body weight is contributed by muscles
A
40-50
13
Q
4 special properties of muscles are -
A
excitability, contractility, extensibility and elasticity
14
Q
Skeletal muscles other 2 names are -
A
Striated and voluntary muscle
15
Q
Visceral muscles other 3 names are - (NEET)
A
Striated and voluntary muscle
16
Q
Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in a branching pattern to form cardiac muscle. T/F
A
T
17
Q
Cardiac muscles are striated/non-striated
A
striated
18
Q
Nervous system can control the activities of cardiac muscles indirectly. T/F
A
T
19
Q
Draw and lable cross section view of muscle bundels and muscle fibres
A
pg: 304
20
Q
Each skeletal muscle in our body is made of no. of ______ or ______
A
Muscle bundles or fascicles
21
Q
Fascicles are held together by ______ called _______
A
Common collagenous connective tissue layer called fascia
22
Q
Each fascicle contains a no. of _______
A
muscle fibre
23
Q
Each muscle fibre is lined by plasma membrane called ______ enclosing the _________
A
Sarcolemma, sarcoplasm
24
Q
Sarcoplasma contains many nuclei. T/F
A
T
25
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a storehouse of -
Ca
26
Muscle fibre has lar e no. of _____ also called -
Myofilaments or myofibrils
27
Draw a dagrammatic representation of a sarcomere
pg: 305
28
The dark band contains only myosin T/F
F
29
Light band contains only actin. T/F
T
30
Light band is called ______ or ______
I-band, isotropic band (Trick - l i ght)
31
Dark band is called ______ or ______
A-band, anisotropic band (Trick - d A rk)
32
Myosin filaments are thinner than actin filaments. T/F
F
33
H zone contains actin filament T/F (NEET)
F
34
Z line is an elastic fibre which bisects -
I band
35
Thin/thick filaments are firmly attached to the Z line
Thin
36
M line is thick/thin elastic/fibrous and bisect -
Thin fibrous, A band
37
Functional unit of contraction is - (NEET)
Sarcomere
38
Anatomical unit of muscle is -
Muscle fiber (Check NCERT summary)
39
Draw and lable a) an actin (thin) filament b) myosin monomer (meromysin)
pg: 306
40
Each actin filament is made of two ______ actins
helically wound to each other
F
41
Each F actin is a polymer of monomeric ________
G-actin
42
One/two/four filaments of protein ________ run
close to the F actins throughout its length
Two, tropomyosin
43
In resting state, a subunit of ______ masks the active binding sites for myosin on the actin flaments (NEET)
Troponin
44
Myosin is made of monomers called -
. meromyosin
45
The 2 parts of meromyosin are -
Globular head with short arm, tail
46
HMM consist of ______ and _______
Globular head and short arm
47
Meromyosin fail is called LMM. T/F
T
48
What is cross arm?
the head and short are tegether known as cross
arm
49
The _______ of meromyosin have an active ATPase enzyme (NEET)
Globular head
50
Mechanism of muscle contraction in explained by _______ (NEET)
Sliding filament theory
51
_______ and ________ together constitute the motor unit
Motor neuron and the muscles fibres connected
to it
52
What is motor-end plate?
junction between a motor neuron and the sarcolemma of the muscle fibre
53
________ binds to subunit of troponin and thereby removes the masking of active sites for myosin
Ca2+
54
Utilising the energy from ATP hydrolysis, myosin head binds to the exposed active sites on actin to form _______
cross bridge
55
A-band retain their length during muscle contraction T/F (NEET 2020)
T
56
Binding of ATP breaks the cross-bridge. T/F
T
57
Repeated activation of the muscles can lead to accumulation of -
lactic acid
58
In muscles having reddish appearance _______ content is high
Myoglobin
59
Mitochondria is high in red/white fibres
Red
60
Sarcoplasmic reticulum is high in red/white fibres
White
61
Red/white fibres are aerobic muscles
Red muscles
62
White fibers depend on aerobic/anaerobic process of energy
anaerobic
63
Chondroitin salts are present in -
Cartilage
64
No of bones in human body is -
206
65
Pelvic girdle comes under axial skeleton. T/F
F
66
No. of bones in axial skeleton are -
80
67
It comprises of - (4)
Skull vertebral column, ribs sternum
68
Draw and lable diagrammatic view of human skull
pg:309
69
Skull consists of a total of no. of bones
29
70
No. of cranial and facial bones respectively are
Cranial-8, facial bones-14
71
A single _______-shaped bone called ________ is present at the base of the buccal cavity and it is also included in the skull
U hyoid
72
Name all the cranial bones
Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Frontal (I), Occipital (1),
Ethmoid (1), Sphenoid (1)
73
Name all the facial bones
Inferior turbinate (2), Lacrimal bones (2),
Mandible(), Maxilla (2), Nasal bones (2), Palatine
bones (2), Vomer) Zygomatic bones (2)
74
The skull region articulates with vertebral column by ______ (NEET)
two occipital condyle
75
Draw and labe right lateral view of vertebral column
pg: 310
76
No. of vertebrae in humans is -
26
77
Each vertebra has _____ through which spinal cord passes.
neural canal
78
First vertebrae is called-
Atlas
79
2nd vertebrae is called -
Axis
80
Tell the divisions in the vertebral column and the no of bones in them
Cervical(7), Thoracic(12), Lumbar(5), Sacra(1),
Coccyx(1)
81
No. of cervical vertebrae is 7 in all mammals. T/F
F. Two-toed Sloth (Bradypus) have 9 cervical
vertebrae
82
______ is a flat bone on the ventral/dorsal midline of thorax
Sternum ventral
83
Each vertebra has _______ through which the spinal cord passes
Neural canal
84
The atlas and occipital condyle form a _______ movement.
Condyloid joint, nodding
85
The atlas and axis form _______ joint which help in _______ movement
Pivot joint, rotatory
86
No bone is -
Axis
87
Yes bone is -
Atlas
88
Draw and lable a figure of rib cage
pg: 310
89
Total no. of ribs humans is -
24
90
Ribs have two articular surfaces on their ventral/dorsal end hence are called-
Dorsal, bicephalic
91
First ______ pair of ribs are true ribs.
7
92
True ribs are connected to sternum with the help of ______ (NEET)
Hyaline cartilage
93
What pair of ribs are vertebrochondral ribs? (NEET)
8th 9th 10th
94
False ribs are also called -
Vertebrochondral
95
False ribs are joined to the ____ th rib with the help of _______
7th Hyaline cartilage
96
What pairs are floating ribs? (NEET)
11th and 12th
97
Rib cage is formed by - (3)
thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum
98
Draw and lable a frontal view of right pectoral girdle and upper arm
pg: 311
99
Draw and lable a frontal view of right pelvic girdle and lower limb bones
pg: 311
99
Each limb has _______ no of bones
30
100
No. of carpels are -
8
101
No. of tarsals are -
7
102
No. of phalanges in human body-
28(in hands)+ 28(in legs) = 56
103
A ______-shaped bone called ______ covers the knee ventrally
cup, patella
104
The longest bone in human body is -
Femur
105
Each half of pectoral girdle consists of ______ and ______
Scapula and clavicle
106
Scapula is situated between ____ and ____ ribs.
2nd-7th
107
Scapula is triangular in shape. T/F
T
108
Scapula has a slightly elevated ridge called -
Spine
109
Spine project as a flat expanded process called -
Acromion
110
Glenoid cavity is present above acromion. T/F
F. present below acromion
111
Clavicle articulate with _____ and _____
Sternum and acromion
112
Glenoid cavity articulate with ______ shoulder joint. (NEET)
Glenoid cavity
113
________ is called collar bone.
Clavicle
114
Each coxal bone is formed by fusion of (3) -
ilium, ischium, pubis
115
At the point of fusion, a cavity is formed called _______
Acetabulum
116
Pubic symphysis contains hyaline/fibrous cartilage.
Fibrous cartilage
117
Joints can be present between bone and cartilage. T/F
T
118
Joints act as a fulcrum. T/F
T
119
The 3 types of joints.
are -
Fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial
120
Fibrous joints are present in - (NEET 2021)
Cranium
121
In it, the bones are connected with the help of ______ in the form of ________
Dense fibrous connective tissue, sutures
122
Ex of cartilaginous joint - (3) (NEET 2021 & 22)
joint between the adjacent vertebrae, Sternum-
ribs and pubic symphysis
123
Synovial joint is characterised by the presence of -
fluid-filled synovial cavity
124
Ball & socket joint ex-
bt. humerus & pectoral girdle
125
Hinge joint ex-
knee joint
126
Pivot joint ex-
bt. atlas & axis
127
Gliding joint ex- (NEET)
Joint between carpals
128
Saddle joint ex-
Between carpals and metacarpals of thumb
129
Joints between phalanges is a type of _______ joint
Hinge
130
Autoimmune disorder affecting _______ is myasthenia gravis. (NEET 2021)
Neuromuscular junction
131
Myasthenia gravis leads to - (3)
fatigue, weakening and paralysis of skeletal muscle
132
Define muscular dystrophy. (NEET 2022)
Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle
133
Muscular dystrophy occurs mostly due to - (NEET 2022)
Genetic disorder
134
Rapid spasm in muscle occurs due to high Ca2+ in the body fluids. T/F (NEET 2022)
F
135
What is tetany? (NEET 2022)
Rapid spasm in muscle occurs due to low Ca²+ in
the body fluids
136
What is arthritis? (NEET 2022)
Inflammation of joints
137
What is the common cause of osteoporosis? (NEET 2022)
Decreased level of estrogen
138
What is osteoporosis? (NEET 2022)
Age-related disorder characterised by decreased
bone mass and increased chances of fractures
139
What is gout? (NEET 2021)
Inflammation of joint due to deposition of uric acid crystals
