Chapter 1 : THE LIVING WORLD Flashcards
1
Q
is called the Darwin of 20th century (NEET)
A
Ernst Mayr
2
Q
Ernst Mayr was born at ______ in Germany/England
A
Kempten, Germany
3
Q
Ernst Mayr is known for- (NEET)
A
Gave the definition of biological species
4
Q
Mayr was awarded three prizes widely regarded as ________ of biology.
A
triple crown
5
Q
The 3 prizes that the Mayr was awarded were -
A
Balzan Prize, International Prize for Biology.
Crafoord Prize
6
Q
All living organisms grow. T/F
A
T
7
Q
All living organisms grow all life. T/F
A
F (plant grow all life, but animals grow only to a certain age)
8
Q
Increase in ________ and _______ are twin characteristics of growth.
A
Mass and number
9
Q
Unicellular organisms grow by cell division. T/F
A
T
10
Q
In majority of higher animals & plants growth and reproduction are mutually inclusive/exclusive.
A
exclusive
11
Q
Increase in body mass is considered as growth. T/F
A
T
12
Q
Living organisms grow intrinsically/extrinsically
A
Intrinsically
13
Q
Growth is a defining property of a living organism. T/F
A
F (growth is seen in non-living things like mountains, boulders and sand-mounds)
14
Q
Dead organism doesn’t grow. T/F
A
T
15
Q
Reproduction is a defining property of living organism.
A
F (as mules, sterile worker bees etc can’t reproduce)
16
Q
Fungi multiply and spread easily due to -
A
asexual spore
17
Q
Budding happens in - (2)
A
yeast and hydra
18
Q
In ________ true regeneration is seen. (NEET)
A
Planaria
19
Q
Fragmentation is seen in - (3) (NEET)
A
Fungi filamentous algae, protonema of mosses
20
Q
Reproduction is synonymous with growth in - (3) (NEET)
A
bacteria, unicellular algae, amoeba
21
Q
Ex of organisms which don’t reproduce - (3)
A
Mules and sterile workers bees, infertile human
couples
22
Q
Some non-living objects are capable of replicating themselves, hence reproduction is not a defining characteristic of living organisms. T/F
A
F. no non-living object can replicate itself
23
Q
- Define Metabolism.
A
Sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in our body
24
Q
Some non-living object exhibits metabolism. T/F
A
F. NCERT line pg no.5
25
Metabolic reactions can be demonstrated outside the body in cell-free systems. T/F
T
26
An isolated metabolic reaction outside the body, performed in a test tube is neither living nor non-living.
T/F
T
27
Metabolism is a defining feature of living organisms. T/F
T
28
Isolated metabolic reactions are non-living reactions. T/F
F (they are living reactions)
29
Isolated metabolic reactions are living things. T/F
F (they are non-living things)
30
Cellular organization is a defining feature. T/F
T
31
Tell all the defining features of living organisms. (3)
Metabolism, consciousness, cellular organization
32
Most obvious and technically complicated feature on living organism is ______ (NEET)
Consciousness
33
TAll organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes can sense the environment. T/F
T
34
Photoperiod affects reproduction in animals T/F (NEET)
T (NCERT line pg no. 5)
35
Only organism which is aware of himself is _______ because it have ________
Human, self-consciousness
36
Properties of tissues are present in the constituent cells. T/F
False
37
Properties of cellular organelle arise due to interaction among-
molecular components comprising the organelle
38
Living organisms are self-replicating evolving and self-regulating interactive systems. T/F
T
39
Number of species known and described range between _____ - ____ milion/billion. (NEET)
1.7-1.8 million
40
The process of standardizing the naming of living organisms such that the particular organism is known by the same name all over the world is called-
nomenclature
41
Agreed principles and criteria for plants are provided by ________
ICBN
42
ICBN full form - (NEET)
International code for botanical nomenclature
43
Animals are named by ________
ICZN
44
The process of knowing to what organism the name is attached is called -
identification
45
Carolus Linnaeus gave __________ he is called _______ of taxonomy. (NEET)
Binomial Nomenclature, father
46
Biological names are generally in ________ and written in ______ (NEET)
Latin, italics
47
Why Latin was chosen for biological naming?
Because Latin is a dead language and will not
change with time
48
First word in biological name represent ________ and second word represent ________ (NEET)
genus, specific epithet
49
Why are biological I names printed in italics? (NEET 2016, 2019)
to indicate their Latin origin
50
To indicate Latin origin of biological names, what do we do while writing them?
underlining
51
When biological I names are handwritten, they. are underlined together. T/F (NEET 2016, 2019)
F (they are underlined seperately)
52
Specific epithet starts with a small letter. T/F (NEET 2019)
T
53
First word start with a capital letter. T/F (NEET 2019)
T
54
Name of author appears before/after specific epithet
after
55
Classification is based on some easily observable characters. T/F
True (NCERT line P.g. No - 7)
55
What is a taxa ?
Convenient categories used to study organisms
56
"Wheat", "Human", "animal", they all are taxa. T/F
T
57
Basis of modern taxonomic studies are (5) -
External structure, internal structure, cell structure, developmental process and ecological information of organism
58
The process of classification is called ________
taxonomy
59
4 processes which are basic to taxonomy are -
Characterisation, Identification Classification and
Nomenclature (CICN)
59
Earlier classifications were on the basis of ________
Uses of organism
60
What is systematics?
study of various life forms, in reference of understanding the relationships among them
61
Taxonomy + _______ = Systematics
Phylogeny
62
systema' means systematic arrangement of organism. T/F
T
63
Books written by Linnaeus are (2) - (NEET)
Systema Naturae, Species Plantarum
64
Systematics take into account ________ relationships between the organisms.
Evolutionary
65
Classification is a single-step process. T/F
T
66
The taxonomic groups are distinct biological entities and not merely morphological aggregates. T/F
T
67
Name the taxonomic categories from highest to lowest. (NEET 2022)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species (Mnemonic - Kind People Can Often Find
Great Sex)
68
Solanum genus includes which three species?
Nigrum, melongena, tuberosum
69
Panthera include which 3 species?
Leo, tigris, pardus
70
Potato scientific name -
Solanum tuberosum
71
Brinjal scientific name -
Solanum melongena
72
Makoi scientific name -
Solanum nigrum
73
Magnifera is a genus/species
genus
74
Felis genus includes cats/dogs.
Cats
75
Families are characterized on the basis of _______ and _______ features of plant species
Vegetative and reproductive
76
Family Solanaceae contains genera - (3)
Solanum, Petunia, Datura
77
Family of leopards is -
Felidae
78
Felidae contains genus ______ and _______
Panthera and Felis
79
Suffix of family is ______ in plants and in ________ animals
-aceae, -dae
80
Suffix of order is ________ in plants.
-ales
81
Order polymoniales contains family ________ and ________ based on _______ characters
Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, floral
82
Carnivora is an order. T/F
T
83
It include family ______ and ______
Felidae and Canidae
84
Mammalia contains order ________ and _________
Primata and Carnivora
85
Order Primata include which animals - (3)
monkey gorilla gibbon
85
Order Carnovra include which animals - (3)
tiger, cat, dog
86
Organisms which have notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord are included in phylum -
Chordata
87
As we go lower in taxa, number of common characteristics increase. T/F
T
87
Family and order of housefly? (NEET 2016, 2021)
Muscidae, Diptera
88
Genus and family of wheat?
Triticum, Poaceae
89
Family and order of humans? (NEET)
Hominidae, Primata
90
Family and order of mango? (NEET 2019)
Anacardiaceae, Sapindales
91
Class and genus of housefly? (NEET 2016)
Insecta, Musca
92
Genus & class of mango?
Magnifera Dicotyledonae
93
Family & order of man?
Hominidae, Primata
94
Class and order of Wheat?
Monocotyledonae, Poales
95
What is the prime source of taxonomic studies?
collection of actual specimens of plants & animals
95
Collection of actual specimens of plants and animals is not essential for training in systematics. T/F
F. it is essential
96
Definition of Herbarium? (NEET 2018)
Herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed & preserved on sheets.
97
________ is serve as a quick referral system in taxonomic studies
Herbarium
98
Herbarium sheet carry label providing info about 7 things. Name them. (NEET-II 2016)
date and place of collection, English, local and
botanical names, family, collector's name
98
What are botanical gardens? (NEET 2013)
They have collection of living plants for reference
99
Each plant label indicate its. ______ name and _______
Scientific, family
100
Kew is located in _________
England
101
Name 3 famous botanical garden and where they are situated
Kew (England), Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah
(India) National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow
102
Museums are set up in educational institutes such as ________ and ________
schools and college
103
Museums have collections of preserved plants and animals. T/F (NEET 2018)
T
104
Specimens are always preserved in a preservative solution. T/F
F (they can be dry preserved also)
105
In museum, insects are preserved after _______ , ______ and ________.
Collecting killing and pinning
105
How are larger animals preserved?
Stuffing
106
Museums have collection of skeleton of animals too. T/F (NEET)
T
107
Zoological parks help us to learn about animal's ______ and _________.
Food habitats and behaviour
108
Key is used to identify plant only T/F (NEET 2018)
F (both plants and animals)
109
Keys are based on _______generally in a pair called _______
Contrasting characters, couplet
110
Each statement in the key is called a ________
Lead
110
Separate taxonomic keys are not required for each taxonomic category. T/F
F (separate taxonomic keys are required for each
taxonomic category)
111
Keys are _______ in nature
Analytical
112
________ contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.
Flora
113
Manuals are useful for -
Book having listing and description of plant in a
particular area
114
Monographs contain
Info about any one taxon
114
What is catalogue? (NEET 2018)
Alphabetical arrangement of species
