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BioHack > Chapter 1 : THE LIVING WORLD > Flashcards

Chapter 1 : THE LIVING WORLD Flashcards

1
Q

is called the Darwin of 20th century (NEET)

A

Ernst Mayr

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2
Q

Ernst Mayr was born at ______ in Germany/England

A

Kempten, Germany

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3
Q

Ernst Mayr is known for- (NEET)

A

Gave the definition of biological species

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4
Q

Mayr was awarded three prizes widely regarded as ________ of biology.

A

triple crown

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5
Q

The 3 prizes that the Mayr was awarded were -

A

Balzan Prize, International Prize for Biology.
Crafoord Prize

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6
Q

All living organisms grow. T/F

A

T

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7
Q

All living organisms grow all life. T/F

A

F (plant grow all life, but animals grow only to a certain age)

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8
Q

Increase in ________ and _______ are twin characteristics of growth.

A

Mass and number

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9
Q

Unicellular organisms grow by cell division. T/F

A

T

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10
Q

In majority of higher animals & plants growth and reproduction are mutually inclusive/exclusive.

A

exclusive

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11
Q

Increase in body mass is considered as growth. T/F

A

T

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12
Q

Living organisms grow intrinsically/extrinsically

A

Intrinsically

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13
Q

Growth is a defining property of a living organism. T/F

A

F (growth is seen in non-living things like mountains, boulders and sand-mounds)

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14
Q

Dead organism doesn’t grow. T/F

A

T

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15
Q

Reproduction is a defining property of living organism.

A

F (as mules, sterile worker bees etc can’t reproduce)

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16
Q

Fungi multiply and spread easily due to -

A

asexual spore

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17
Q

Budding happens in - (2)

A

yeast and hydra

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18
Q

In ________ true regeneration is seen. (NEET)

A

Planaria

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19
Q

Fragmentation is seen in - (3) (NEET)

A

Fungi filamentous algae, protonema of mosses

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20
Q

Reproduction is synonymous with growth in - (3) (NEET)

A

bacteria, unicellular algae, amoeba

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21
Q

Ex of organisms which don’t reproduce - (3)

A

Mules and sterile workers bees, infertile human
couples

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22
Q

Some non-living objects are capable of replicating themselves, hence reproduction is not a defining characteristic of living organisms. T/F

A

F. no non-living object can replicate itself

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23
Q
  1. Define Metabolism.
A

Sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in our body

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24
Q

Some non-living object exhibits metabolism. T/F

A

F. NCERT line pg no.5

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25
Q

Metabolic reactions can be demonstrated outside the body in cell-free systems. T/F

A

T

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26
Q

An isolated metabolic reaction outside the body, performed in a test tube is neither living nor non-living.
T/F

A

T

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27
Q

Metabolism is a defining feature of living organisms. T/F

A

T

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28
Q

Isolated metabolic reactions are non-living reactions. T/F

A

F (they are living reactions)

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29
Q

Isolated metabolic reactions are living things. T/F

A

F (they are non-living things)

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30
Q

Cellular organization is a defining feature. T/F

A

T

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31
Q

Tell all the defining features of living organisms. (3)

A

Metabolism, consciousness, cellular organization

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32
Q

Most obvious and technically complicated feature on living organism is ______ (NEET)

A

Consciousness

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33
Q

TAll organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes can sense the environment. T/F

A

T

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34
Q

Photoperiod affects reproduction in animals T/F (NEET)

A

T (NCERT line pg no. 5)

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35
Q

Only organism which is aware of himself is _______ because it have ________

A

Human, self-consciousness

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36
Q

Properties of tissues are present in the constituent cells. T/F

A

False

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37
Q

Properties of cellular organelle arise due to interaction among-

A

molecular components comprising the organelle

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38
Q

Living organisms are self-replicating evolving and self-regulating interactive systems. T/F

A

T

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39
Q

Number of species known and described range between _____ - ____ milion/billion. (NEET)

A

1.7-1.8 million

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40
Q

The process of standardizing the naming of living organisms such that the particular organism is known by the same name all over the world is called-

A

nomenclature

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41
Q

Agreed principles and criteria for plants are provided by ________

A

ICBN

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42
Q

ICBN full form - (NEET)

A

International code for botanical nomenclature

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43
Q

Animals are named by ________

A

ICZN

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44
Q

The process of knowing to what organism the name is attached is called -

A

identification

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45
Q

Carolus Linnaeus gave __________ he is called _______ of taxonomy. (NEET)

A

Binomial Nomenclature, father

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46
Q

Biological names are generally in ________ and written in ______ (NEET)

A

Latin, italics

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47
Q

Why Latin was chosen for biological naming?

A

Because Latin is a dead language and will not
change with time

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48
Q

First word in biological name represent ________ and second word represent ________ (NEET)

A

genus, specific epithet

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49
Q

Why are biological I names printed in italics? (NEET 2016, 2019)

A

to indicate their Latin origin

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50
Q

To indicate Latin origin of biological names, what do we do while writing them?

A

underlining

51
Q

When biological I names are handwritten, they. are underlined together. T/F (NEET 2016, 2019)

A

F (they are underlined seperately)

52
Q

Specific epithet starts with a small letter. T/F (NEET 2019)

A

T

53
Q

First word start with a capital letter. T/F (NEET 2019)

A

T

54
Q

Name of author appears before/after specific epithet

A

after

55
Q

Classification is based on some easily observable characters. T/F

A

True (NCERT line P.g. No - 7)

55
Q

What is a taxa ?

A

Convenient categories used to study organisms

56
Q

“Wheat”, “Human”, “animal”, they all are taxa. T/F

A

T

57
Q

Basis of modern taxonomic studies are (5) -

A

External structure, internal structure, cell structure, developmental process and ecological information of organism

58
Q

The process of classification is called ________

A

taxonomy

59
Q

4 processes which are basic to taxonomy are -

A

Characterisation, Identification Classification and
Nomenclature (CICN)

59
Q

Earlier classifications were on the basis of ________

A

Uses of organism

60
Q

What is systematics?

A

study of various life forms, in reference of understanding the relationships among them

61
Q

Taxonomy + _______ = Systematics

A

Phylogeny

62
Q

systema’ means systematic arrangement of organism. T/F

A

T

63
Q

Books written by Linnaeus are (2) - (NEET)

A

Systema Naturae, Species Plantarum

64
Q

Systematics take into account ________ relationships between the organisms.

A

Evolutionary

65
Q

Classification is a single-step process. T/F

A

T

66
Q

The taxonomic groups are distinct biological entities and not merely morphological aggregates. T/F

A

T

67
Q

Name the taxonomic categories from highest to lowest. (NEET 2022)

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus,
Species (Mnemonic - Kind People Can Often Find
Great Sex)

68
Q

Solanum genus includes which three species?

A

Nigrum, melongena, tuberosum

69
Q

Panthera include which 3 species?

A

Leo, tigris, pardus

70
Q

Potato scientific name -

A

Solanum tuberosum

71
Q

Brinjal scientific name -

A

Solanum melongena

72
Q

Makoi scientific name -

A

Solanum nigrum

73
Q

Magnifera is a genus/species

A

genus

74
Q

Felis genus includes cats/dogs.

A

Cats

75
Q

Families are characterized on the basis of _______ and _______ features of plant species

A

Vegetative and reproductive

76
Q

Family Solanaceae contains genera - (3)

A

Solanum, Petunia, Datura

77
Q

Family of leopards is -

A

Felidae

78
Q

Felidae contains genus ______ and _______

A

Panthera and Felis

79
Q

Suffix of family is ______ in plants and in ________ animals

A

-aceae, -dae

80
Q

Suffix of order is ________ in plants.

A

-ales

81
Q

Order polymoniales contains family ________ and ________ based on _______ characters

A

Convolvulaceae, Solanaceae, floral

82
Q

Carnivora is an order. T/F

A

T

83
Q

It include family ______ and ______

A

Felidae and Canidae

84
Q

Mammalia contains order ________ and _________

A

Primata and Carnivora

85
Q

Order Primata include which animals - (3)

A

monkey gorilla gibbon

85
Q

Order Carnovra include which animals - (3)

A

tiger, cat, dog

86
Q

Organisms which have notochord and dorsal hollow nerve cord are included in phylum -

A

Chordata

87
Q

As we go lower in taxa, number of common characteristics increase. T/F

A

T

87
Q

Family and order of housefly? (NEET 2016, 2021)

A

Muscidae, Diptera

88
Q

Genus and family of wheat?

A

Triticum, Poaceae

89
Q

Family and order of humans? (NEET)

A

Hominidae, Primata

90
Q

Family and order of mango? (NEET 2019)

A

Anacardiaceae, Sapindales

91
Q

Class and genus of housefly? (NEET 2016)

A

Insecta, Musca

92
Q

Genus & class of mango?

A

Magnifera Dicotyledonae

93
Q

Family & order of man?

A

Hominidae, Primata

94
Q

Class and order of Wheat?

A

Monocotyledonae, Poales

95
Q

What is the prime source of taxonomic studies?

A

collection of actual specimens of plants & animals

95
Q

Collection of actual specimens of plants and animals is not essential for training in systematics. T/F

A

F. it is essential

96
Q

Definition of Herbarium? (NEET 2018)

A

Herbarium is a store house of collected plant specimens that are dried, pressed & preserved on sheets.

97
Q

________ is serve as a quick referral system in taxonomic studies

A

Herbarium

98
Q

Herbarium sheet carry label providing info about 7 things. Name them. (NEET-II 2016)

A

date and place of collection, English, local and
botanical names, family, collector’s name

98
Q

What are botanical gardens? (NEET 2013)

A

They have collection of living plants for reference

99
Q

Each plant label indicate its. ______ name and _______

A

Scientific, family

100
Q

Kew is located in _________

A

England

101
Q

Name 3 famous botanical garden and where they are situated

A

Kew (England), Indian Botanical Garden, Howrah
(India) National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow

102
Q

Museums are set up in educational institutes such as ________ and ________

A

schools and college

103
Q

Museums have collections of preserved plants and animals. T/F (NEET 2018)

A

T

104
Q

Specimens are always preserved in a preservative solution. T/F

A

F (they can be dry preserved also)

105
Q

In museum, insects are preserved after _______ , ______ and ________.

A

Collecting killing and pinning

105
Q

How are larger animals preserved?

A

Stuffing

106
Q

Museums have collection of skeleton of animals too. T/F (NEET)

A

T

107
Q

Zoological parks help us to learn about animal’s ______ and _________.

A

Food habitats and behaviour

108
Q

Key is used to identify plant only T/F (NEET 2018)

A

F (both plants and animals)

109
Q

Keys are based on _______generally in a pair called _______

A

Contrasting characters, couplet

110
Q

Each statement in the key is called a ________

A

Lead

110
Q

Separate taxonomic keys are not required for each taxonomic category. T/F

A

F (separate taxonomic keys are required for each
taxonomic category)

111
Q

Keys are _______ in nature

A

Analytical

112
Q

________ contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.

A

Flora

113
Q

Manuals are useful for -

A

Book having listing and description of plant in a
particular area

114
Q

Monographs contain

A

Info about any one taxon

114
Q

What is catalogue? (NEET 2018)

A

Alphabetical arrangement of species

BioHack (24 decks)

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