Chapter 5 Module 2 Flashcards
Connective tissue
- few cells, lots of matrix
- cells are separated, highly vascular, most abundant, widely distributed, and histologically variable of the primary tissues
- bind, support, and protect organs s movement, storage, heat production, transport
-Composed of cells, fibers, and matrix and ave differentiated by these
What are the types of connective tissue
Fibrous, adipose, cartilage, bone, blood
Fibrous connective tissues
- has cells called fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes (white blood cells), plasma cella, mast cells, adipocytes
Fibers in fibrous connective tissue
- Collagenous
- reticular
- Elastic
Matrix in Ct
- Usually a gelatin resulting from glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycan, and adhesive glycoproteins
- glycosaminoglycans: most abundant gag is chondroitin sulfate; in blood vessels and bone
- proteoglycan: holds tissue together
- adhesive glycoproteins: binds components of tissues together
Fibrous connective tissue
Loose: much gel - like matrix between cells
-2 types: areolur and reticular
Dense: fibers fill spaces between ; types vary in fiber orientation
- a types: dense regular and dense irregular
Areolar fibrous ct
- Loosely organized fibers, abundant blood vessels, lot of empty space
- Underlies all epithelia, in serous membranes, between muscles, passageways for nerves and blood vessels
Reticular fibrous Ct
- a mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblast,
- forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
- found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow
Dense regular Ct
Ex: tendons: attach muscles to bones and licegaments hold bones together
- densely packed, parallel collagenous fibers: strong
- compressed fibroblast nuclei
- some elastic tissues fibers, wavy sheets
Elastic dense regular ct
- special kind of dense tissue where stretch ability is important
- has collagen fibers and elastic fibers
- has more and larger fibroblast
- found in vocal cords, large arteries, spinal ligaments
Dense irregular ct
- Densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers, and few visible cells
- withstands unpredictable stresses
- deeper layer of skin-dermis, capsules around organs
Adipose connective tissue
Fat: adipocytes are the dominant cell type
- Space between adipocytes is occupied by areolar tissue p reticular tissue, and blood capillaries
- Fat is the body’s primary energy reservoir
Cartilage connective tissue
Supportive C t with flexible, rubbery matrix
- Gives shape
- surrounded by perichondrium that provides nutrients
- avascular so it heals very slow And diffusion brings nutrients and removes waste
Matrix isrich in chondroitin sulfate and contains collagen fibers
Cells: chondroblasti create cartilage and chondrocytes: maintain cartilage
3 types of cartilage Ct: hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic ( differ in their fiber content)
Hyaline cartilage
Clear, glassy microscopic appearance because of how fine the collagen fibers are and usually covered by perichondrium
- eases joint movement, holds airways open, moves vocal cords when talking
- found in certicular cartilage, trachea, larynx, fetal skeleton
Elastic cartilage
-cartilage containing elastic fibers; covered by perichondrium
-Provides flexible, elastic support
Lexi in the ear
Fibrocartilage
Cartilage containing large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers and never has perichondrium
- Resist compression and absorbs shock
- Foundin pubic symphysis, menisci, and intervertebral discs
Bone connective tissue
Has 2 meanings: organ and tissue (osseous tissue)
A forms of osseous tissue: spongy and compact
Spongy bone
Spongy in appearance
- Delicate struts of bone: trabeculae
- Covered by compact bone
- Found in heads of long bones and middle of flat bones like sternum
Compact bone
Denser, calcified tissue W no visible spaces
- more complex arrangement
- cells and matrix surround vertically oriented blood vessels in long bones
- arranged in cylinders that surround central canals that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones
- Rigid matrix
- Cells: osteoblasts: bone forming and osteocytes: maintain bone
- Canaliculi: delicate canals that radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow osteocytes to contact each other
- osteon: central canal and its surrounding lamellae
- Periosteum: covers bone: tough fibrous connective tissue
Blood connective tissue
Fluid connective tissue that transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place
- Plasma: blood’s liquid ground substance
- formed elements: cells and cell fragments
1. Erythrocytes: red blood cells: transport o2 and co2
2. Leukocytes: white blood cells: defense against infection and disease
3. Platelets: cell fragments involved in clotting and other mechanisms
