Chapter 5 - Klein

Question 0

What are positions, according to Klein?

Answer 0

• ways of dealing w/ internal & external objects
• normal phases of development
• no linear progression
• paranoid/ schizoid: feelings of persecution and schism of objects into good/bad dichotomy
• depressive: anxiety & guilt over realization that objects can be lost

Question 1

What two elements comprise the psychic life of an infant, according to Klein?

Answer 1

• phantasies (stories about objects)

- objects (eg breast, sex organ)

Question 2

What psychic defense mechanisms did Klein identify?

Answer 2

• introjection (esp. of objects)
• projection (also of objects)
• splitting (good vs bad)
• projective identification (splitting unacceptable parts, projecting them, & introjecting them in a distorted form)

Question 3

What are internalizations, according to Klein?

Answer 3

• aspects of external world taken in & organized into psychologically meaningful framework
  • ego
  • superego
  • Oedipus complex

Question 4

What were Mahler’s stages of development?

Answer 4

• normal autism
• normal symbiosis
• separation-individuation
  • differentiation
  • practicing
  • rapprochement crisis
  • libidinal object constancy

Question 5

What is the essence of Bowlby’s attachment theory?

Answer 5

Three stages of separation anxiety:
- protest
- despair
- detachment (unique to humans)
Bonding (or lack thereof) serves as working model upon which subsequent relationships are built

Question 6

What is Ainsworth’s strange situation?

Answer 6

Procedure used to identify styles of attachment

• secure attachment
• anxious-resistant attachment
• anxious-avoidant attachment