Chapter 11 - Rogers

Question 0

What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the realization of the actualization tendency?

Answer 0

• congruence/authenticity
• empathy
• unconditional positive regard

Question 1

What are the basic assumptions of Rogers’ theory?

Answer 1

• formative tendency: tendency for all matter to move from simpler to more complex forms
• actualizing tendency: tendency within all humans to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials

Question 2

What is self-actualization, according to Rogers?

Answer 2

The tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness

Question 3

What is the self-concept, according to Rogers?

Answer 3

All those aspects of one’s being and experiences perceived in awareness (though not always accurately)

Question 4

What is the organismic self?

Answer 4

The entire person, including those aspects of existence beyond awareness

Question 5

What is the ideal self, according to Rogers?

Answer 5

One’s view of oneself as one wishes to be

Question 6

What is incongruence?

Answer 6

The gap between self-concept and ideal self

Question 7

What see the levels of awareness, according to Rogers?

Answer 7

• those experiences ignored or denied
• those experiences perceived in a distorted form
• those experiences accurately symbolized & freely admitted into self-structure

Question 8

According to Rogers, how does one become a person?

Answer 8

1. Experience positive regard from others

2. Develop positive self-regard

Question 9

What are the barriers to psychological health in Rogers’ view?

Answer 9

• conditions of worth
• incongruence
  • vulnerability (being unaware of incongruence)
  • anxiety and threat
• defensiveness
  • distortion
  • denial
• disorganization (behaving sometimes in accordance with organismic experiences & sometimes with shattered self-concept)

Question 10

What are the stages of therapeutic change, according to Rogers?

Answer 10

1. Unwillingness to communicate
2. Discuss external events/people
3. Discuss self as object
4. Discuss deep past feelings
5. Expression of present feelings, though not accurately symbolized
6. Expression & free allowance of previously denied or distorted experiences
7. Become fully functioning “person of tomorrow”

Question 11

What are the outcomes of Rogerian therapy?

Answer 11

• become more congruent
• be less defensive
• becoming more open to experiences
• have a more realistic view of the world
• develop positive self-regard
• reduce incongruence (gap between real & ideal self)
• be less vulnerable to threat
• become less anxious
• take ownership of experiences
• become more accepting of others
• become more congruent in relationships to others

Question 12

What are the characteristics of a person of tomorrow?

Answer 12

• more adaptable
• open to experiences
• trust in organismic self
• live fully in the moment (existential living)
• harmonious relations with others
• more integrated
• basic trust of human nature
• greater richness in life