Chapter 5 I.D. Flashcards
Ming and Qing Dynasties (China Prior to Opium Wars)
The Qing Dynasties, made up of Manchu’s, overthrew the Ming Dynasty and ruled for over 300 years. The Ming Dynasty accomplished many things during their rule, a few of these things included expanding rule into Mongolia and central Asia, strengthening the Great Wall, making peace with nomadic tribes, running effective government in China using centralized bureaucracy, and renovating the Grand Canal allowing goods to be shipped from southern to northern China. After overthrowing the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty forced the men to adopt the Manchu dress style, and executed those who revolted for believing they were rebels. Both Dynasties fell for similar reasons, high taxes and corrupt officials that lead to unrest.
Imperialism
The indirect rule, practiced by the US and Britain, did not disrupt local customs and allowed local rulers to rule. Indirect rule also merged European and native ideals and culture. The direct rule, practiced by France, Germany, and Belgium, where foreign officials rule, not natives, and they replaced local cultures and ideals with European ones.
The Opium War and Taiping Rebellion
The Opium War happened because Britain liked China’s tea so they wanted to trade them for it, but China didn’t want anything from Britain, so Britain began selling opium in China. They did this under the radar by bribing officials, developing smuggling routes, and giving free samples to get people addicted. Chinese officials didn’t like that Britain was still selling the drug to the Chinese so they forcefully got the addicts treated, punished drug dealers, and confiscated drugs and made Britain agree to stop, but Britain didn’t like this so they declared war. Of course Britain won because they had steamships and bigger and more accurate cannon balls.
The Taiping rebellion happened as a result of an idea that China could be a peaceful place and ended with 20-40 million dead. The army that was built for this rebellion consisted of about 1 million peasants.
The “Reform” Movements in China and Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion was a violent anti-foreign uprising that happened because Chinese wanted to rid China of its foreigners. Members of the revolting secret sect that lead the rebellion were known as the Righteous Harmonious Fists and went after Chinese Christian converts and Western missionaries first and then they destroyed railroads and communications and attacked foreign legations. Russia, United States, Germany, Great Britain, France, and Japan united to take down the rebellion, which ended with China having to pay $330 million to them.
The Meiji Jidai (Restoration)
The United States wanted many things from Japan which include America and Japan living in peace with each other, America trading with Japan, American sailors who had shipwrecked on Japan shores to be treated well, and an American port in Japan to buy ship supplies, coal, and food. When US President Millard Fillmore requested this, he was being nice about it, when Commodore Matthew Perry requested this he was being forceful. The Japanese eventually obliged to these rules and signed a treaty with America causing the head Samurai to be overthrown restoring the Meiji Emperor to power.
Imperialism in Africa
The Berlin Conference was held to settle disputes and decide which nations would establish control over territory in Africa. Africa was then divided up and claimed by Europeans. France, Germany, and Belgium used direct rule while Great Britain used indirect rule.
Science and Technology in the Late 1800s/early 1800s
Many things were questioned in the late 1800s and early 1900s thanks to scientific and technological developments. Many people had a hard time accepting that science was the only path to truth, as stated by scientific faith. People also struggle in understanding that everything is a result of physical forces, as stated by materialism. These ideas were brought forth by the Curie’s who discovered that atoms were more than just material that made up everything, Planck who discovered the quantum theory, and Einstein who introduced the idea that space and time are, in fact, not relevant. These are just a few of the people that changed science and technology in the 1800s and 1900s.
Beijing
- Capital city
- North of the Huang He river
- Northmost city
Huang He River (Yellow River)
-Northern long river
Nanjing
- North of Shanghai, south of Beijing
- On the Yangzte river
Yangzte
-Southern long river
Shanghai
- North of Guangzhou (Canton), south of Nanjing
- On the coast
Guangzhou (Canton)
-Southern most city
Trick for map of cities and rivers
Order from North to South: Beijing Huang He River Nanjing Yangzte River Shanghai Guangzhou (Canton)
