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World History II-Snyder > Chapter 3 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Louis XVI:

A
  • King of France
  • got a lot of debt for France during the French Revolution
  • very easily persuaded
  • didn’t know what he was doing
  • attempted to flee France when everything was going wrong because he was loosing so much power
  • was executed for leaving France
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2
Q

Jean-Paul Marat:

A
  • angry newspaper writer who declares people to be executed

- killed by Charlotte Corday in a bathtub

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3
Q

Charlotte Corday:

A
  • killed Marat
  • peasant from outside of Paris who thinks the revolution has gone too far but then killed Marat thinking it would stop the violence
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4
Q

Marie Antoinette:

A
  • wife of Louis XVI
  • Austrian Empress’ daughter
  • everyone hated her during the Revolution because she spent money she didn’t have to lead a lavish lifestyle whilst the people of France were living and dying in poverty
  • was executed with her husband
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5
Q

George Danton:

A
  • was an ally of Robespierre
  • led the commune
  • pressured the National Convention to adopt more radical measures
  • appeals to the working class
  • was a Jacobin
  • argues that the revolution was over and Robespierre denied him (killed him)
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6
Q

Olympe de Gouges:

A
  • part of the Noble class
  • helped write the declaration of the rights of man, then wrote the declaration of the rights of women herself
  • put to death during the Reign of Terror
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7
Q

Maximilien Robespierre:

A
  • head of the Committee of Public safety
    • was the enforcer and creator of the Reign of Terror
  • called for the execution of 40,000 people
  • gains incredible amounts of power from the Reign of Terror
  • is voted out of power after giving the “Speech of Threats” a list of people who were said by him to be threats to France, but he refused to give the list to the public
  • is guillotined
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8
Q

Napoleon Bonaparte:

A
  • Was a “child of the Revolution”
  • Over threw the Directory in 1799 to gain power in France, ending the French Revolution
  • Made peace with the Catholic Church
  • Was an extremely successful military leader
    • Used speed, surprise, and decisive action to win battles
    • Soldiers in his army gained positions by showing ability
  • Made himself consul for life in 1802 then emperor
  • Set up an absolute empire once he took power
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9
Q

Prince Klemen von Metternich:

A
  • conservative
    • the foreign minister of Austria
    • led the congress of Vienna
    • distrusted the ideals of the French Revolution
    • wants to go back to before the Revolution
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10
Q

Girondins:

A

wants balanced power between government and king

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11
Q

Jacobins:

A

radicals, they want equal rights and no king

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12
Q

Royalists:

A

those who want the king to be all powerful

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13
Q

The Estates-General:

A

the representatives from the three estates; the clergy (1st about 150 representatives), the nobility (2nd about 150 representatives), and the commoners (3rd about 600 representatives)

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14
Q

National Assembly/ Tennis Court Oath:

A

when Louis XVI called a meeting of the Estates-General and the 3rd estate broke off wanting a constitutional government
-3rd estate were forced to go to a tennis court to make their constitution but vowed they wouldn’t leave until it was created, thus it became known as the Tennis Court Oath

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15
Q

National Convention:

A

an assembly created by the government that met to draft a new constitution

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16
Q

Committee of Public Safety:

A

a committee of 12 people including Robespierre formed by the National Convention to help control the people of France

17
Q

Guillotine:

A

form of execution in France in the 1700s

18
Q

Sans-culottes:

A
  • another name for the Jacobins

- literally means “those without breeches”

19
Q

Metternich’s Goals at the Congress of Vienna:

A
  • wanted to prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries
  • wanted to restore balance of power so no country would be a threat to others
  • wanted to restore Europe’s royal families to the thrones they had before Napoleon took over
  • was successful in achieving all of these
20
Q

Liberalism:

A
  • the belief that people should have more of a voice concerning government affairs
  • more rights
  • more political power
  • more equality
21
Q

Conservatism:

A

-holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion

22
Q

Nationalism:

A
  • the belief that people sharing a common culture should be united to their own independent nation
  • people who share a common culture, common language, and common history, should share a common political nation
23
Q

Reign of Terror:

A
  • Led by Robespierre
  • Had control of the government in 1793 and 1794
  • Almost 40,000 were killed under the reign of terror
24
Q

De-Christianization:

A

during the Reign of Terror, Robespierre closed all churches in an effort to de-Christianize France

25
Q

Concordat:

A
  • the agreement between Napoleon and the church
    • Napoleon would reopen churches as long as the churches didn’t ask for the land back that they had before the revolution
26
Q

The Directory:

A
  • committee of 5 chosen by the council of elders
  • lasted from 1795-1799
  • known for corruption
  • relied on military for protection from people
  • was overthrown in 1799 by Napoleon Bonaparte
27
Q

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!:

A

ideals of the French Revolution

28
Q

Bourgeoisie:

A

the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

29
Q

Causes for the French Revolution:

A

-the enlightenment
-financial instability caused by the 7 Years War, lots of debt
-condition of society, mass poverty (92%)
-increase in population
-Louis XVI
-French soldiers that fought in the American Revolution bringing ideas back to French commoners
-a series of bad harvests causing food prices to sky rocket
Massive inequality in French society, big gap between wealthy and everyone else

30
Q

Coup d’etat:

A

(1799) the name of the campaign where Napoleon overthrew the Directory

World History II-Snyder (6 decks)

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