Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards
New World
Accidently discovered by Christopher Columbus while he was trying to sail around the world to find India, named after Amerigo Vespucci, included all of the Americas, eventually colonised by Spain, France, England, Portugal, & Netherlands.
Hernan Cortes
Lead the conquering of Aztecs in 1520 with 550 men and 16 horses under his controls, after landing in Veracruz in 1519, made alliance with Tlaxcala and eventually took over the city.
Montezuma
The Aztec Monarch during the fall of the Aztecs
Mercantilism
The belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism
Colony
An area under control of another country, usually one that is a great distance away, and occupied by people from the motherland
Muskets
A heavy, large caliber handgun for infantry soldiers
Cannons
A mounted gun for firing heavy projectiles
Mining
To dig in the earth to extract valuables
Mulattos
Offspring of Europeans and Africans
God, Glory, Gold
Europeans wanted people to convert to Christianity (God). Europeans wanted adventure, fame, and a paycheck (Glory). The Europeans wanted gold and thought they could find it (Gold).
Conquistadors
Conquerors that developed overseas empires and possessed firearms, organizational skills, and determination that brought them success.
Encomienda
Spanish landowners were allowed to use Native Americans as workers and in return they were given protection and education of the Catholic faith.
Triangular Trade
A pattern in which African slaves were brought the the New England coastline to work on plantations and for rum to be traded from New England to the African Gold Coast
Smallpox
An incurable disease brought by Europeans, main cause of death among native peoples
Peninsulares
Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe.
Creoles
Descendants of Europeans born in Latin America.
Christopher Columbus
Italian merchant hired by the King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain and became the first European to discover America while trying to find a new sea route to India.
Aztecs
Indigenous to Mexico, conquered in 1520 by Hernan Cortes and his Spanish fleet.
Cash Crops
Crops that were made to be sold and not consumed.
Mestizos
Offspring of Europeans and Native Americans
Mita
Authorities were allowed to draft miners. This is important because it caused a decline in the Native American population creating the demand for African slaves.
Labor
Productive activity for sake of economic gain
Janissaries
Local Christians were converted to Islam and trained as soldiers or administrators.
Successor
Any son of the Sultan.
Harem
The sacred place where the Sultan and his wives lived.
Ulema(s)
Religious advisers who administered the legal system and schools for Muslim education.
Pasha
Officials responsible for collecting taxes and supplying the armies.
Astrolabe
Greek invention that plotted latitude with the sun and stars.
Indigenous Peoples
Natives
Ottoman Architecture
Mosques were the biggest architectural influence from the Ottoman Empire. There were a total of 81 built by the architect Sinan during the beginning of the 16th century.
Treaty of Tordesillas
The treaty created a boundary line from North to South through the Atlantic and the Eastern part of the South American continent so everything East of the line was under Portuguese control and everything West of the line was under Spain’s.
Vizier
The main advisor of the Sultan.
Sultan
Head governing figure of the Ottoman’s, hereditary succession, lost interest in running the government after the death of Suleyman I.
Gunpowder Empire
The empire’s success was based largely off of their supply of firearms.
Mayans
a Mesoamerican civilization in the Pre-columbian americas
Columbian Exchange
a period of cultural and biological advances between the new and old worlds
Middle Passage
the part of the Atlantic Ocean between the Gold Coast of Africa and the West Indies; longest part of journey made by slave ships
Plantation
usually a large farm or estate on which cash crops are grown and tended to by slaves
Capitalism
a free market economic and political system in which property, business and industry are owned by private individuals
Domain
an area of territory controlled by a ruler or the government
Harem
The sacred place where the Sultan and his wives lived.
Caravel
Portuguese invention that was faster, economical, and efficient for transporting goods with a large cargo hold.
Mine
An excavation made in earth for the purpose of extracting valuables
