Chapter 1 Key Terms

Question 1

New World

Answer 1

Accidently discovered by Christopher Columbus while he was trying to sail around the world to find India, named after Amerigo Vespucci, included all of the Americas, eventually colonised by Spain, France, England, Portugal, & Netherlands.

Question 2

Hernan Cortes

Answer 2

Lead the conquering of Aztecs in 1520 with 550 men and 16 horses under his controls, after landing in Veracruz in 1519, made alliance with Tlaxcala and eventually took over the city.

Question 3

Montezuma

Answer 3

The Aztec Monarch during the fall of the Aztecs

Question 4

Mercantilism

Answer 4

The belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

Question 5

Colony

Answer 5

An area under control of another country, usually one that is a great distance away, and occupied by people from the motherland

Question 6

Muskets

Answer 6

A heavy, large caliber handgun for infantry soldiers

Question 7

Cannons

Answer 7

A mounted gun for firing heavy projectiles

Question 8

Mining

Answer 8

To dig in the earth to extract valuables

Question 9

Mulattos

Answer 9

Offspring of Europeans and Africans

Question 10

God, Glory, Gold

Answer 10

Europeans wanted people to convert to Christianity (God). Europeans wanted adventure, fame, and a paycheck (Glory). The Europeans wanted gold and thought they could find it (Gold).

Question 11

Conquistadors

Answer 11

Conquerors that developed overseas empires and possessed firearms, organizational skills, and determination that brought them success.

Question 12

Encomienda

Answer 12

Spanish landowners were allowed to use Native Americans as workers and in return they were given protection and education of the Catholic faith.

Question 13

Triangular Trade

Answer 13

A pattern in which African slaves were brought the the New England coastline to work on plantations and for rum to be traded from New England to the African Gold Coast

Question 14

Smallpox

Answer 14

An incurable disease brought by Europeans, main cause of death among native peoples

Question 15

Peninsulares

Answer 15

Spanish and Portuguese officials born in Europe.

Question 16

Creoles

Answer 16

Descendants of Europeans born in Latin America.

Question 17

Christopher Columbus

Answer 17

Italian merchant hired by the King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain and became the first European to discover America while trying to find a new sea route to India.

Question 18

Aztecs

Answer 18

Indigenous to Mexico, conquered in 1520 by Hernan Cortes and his Spanish fleet.

Question 19

Cash Crops

Answer 19

Crops that were made to be sold and not consumed.

Question 20

Mestizos

Answer 20

Offspring of Europeans and Native Americans

Question 21

Mita

Answer 21

Authorities were allowed to draft miners. This is important because it caused a decline in the Native American population creating the demand for African slaves.

Question 22

Labor

Answer 22

Productive activity for sake of economic gain

Question 23

Janissaries

Answer 23

Local Christians were converted to Islam and trained as soldiers or administrators.

Question 24

Successor

Answer 24

Any son of the Sultan.

Question 25

Harem

Answer 25

The sacred place where the Sultan and his wives lived.

Question 26

Ulema(s)

Answer 26

Religious advisers who administered the legal system and schools for Muslim education.

Question 27

Pasha

Answer 27

Officials responsible for collecting taxes and supplying the armies.

Question 28

Astrolabe

Answer 28

Greek invention that plotted latitude with the sun and stars.

Question 29

Indigenous Peoples

Answer 29

Natives

Question 30

Ottoman Architecture

Answer 30

Mosques were the biggest architectural influence from the Ottoman Empire. There were a total of 81 built by the architect Sinan during the beginning of the 16th century.

Question 31

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 31

The treaty created a boundary line from North to South through the Atlantic and the Eastern part of the South American continent so everything East of the line was under Portuguese control and everything West of the line was under Spain’s.

Question 32

Vizier

Answer 32

The main advisor of the Sultan.

Question 33

Sultan

Answer 33

Head governing figure of the Ottoman’s, hereditary succession, lost interest in running the government after the death of Suleyman I.

Question 34

Gunpowder Empire

Answer 34

The empire’s success was based largely off of their supply of firearms.

Question 35

Mayans

Answer 35

a Mesoamerican civilization in the Pre-columbian americas

Question 36

Columbian Exchange

Answer 36

a period of cultural and biological advances between the new and old worlds

Question 37

Middle Passage

Answer 37

the part of the Atlantic Ocean between the Gold Coast of Africa and the West Indies; longest part of journey made by slave ships

Question 38

Plantation

Answer 38

usually a large farm or estate on which cash crops are grown and tended to by slaves

Question 39

Capitalism

Answer 39

a free market economic and political system in which property, business and industry are owned by private individuals

Question 40

Domain

Answer 40

an area of territory controlled by a ruler or the government

Question 41

Harem

Answer 41

The sacred place where the Sultan and his wives lived.

Question 42

Caravel

Answer 42

Portuguese invention that was faster, economical, and efficient for transporting goods with a large cargo hold.

Question 43

Mine

Answer 43

An excavation made in earth for the purpose of extracting valuables