Chapter 5 Human Movement Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Superior?

A

Positioned above a point of reference

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2
Q

Where is Inferior?

A

Positioned below a point of reference

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3
Q

Where is Proximal?

A

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference

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4
Q

Where is Distal?

A

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or point of reference

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5
Q

Where is Anterior (or Ventral)?

A

On the front of the body

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6
Q

Where is Posterior (or Dorsal)?

A

On the back of the body

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7
Q

Where is Medial?

A

Positioned near the middle of the body

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8
Q

Where is Lateral?

A

Positioned toward the outside of the body

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9
Q

Where is Contralateral?

A

Positioned on the opposite side of the body

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10
Q

Where is Ipsilateral

A

Positioned on the same side of the body

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11
Q

What is Anatomic Position?

A

The position of the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomic position if of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature

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12
Q

What is the Sagittal plane?

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

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13
Q

What is Flexion?

A

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

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14
Q

What is Extension?

A

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

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15
Q

What is Hyperextension?

A

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion

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16
Q

Where is the Frontal Plane?

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves

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17
Q

What is Abduction?

A

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

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18
Q

What is Adduction?

A

The movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

19
Q

What is the Transverse Plane?

A

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

20
Q

What is Internal Rotation?

A

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

21
Q

What is External Rotation?

A

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

22
Q

What is Horizontal Abduction?

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from anterior to a lateral position

23
Q

What is Horizontal Adduction?

A

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

24
Q

What is Scapular Retraction?

A

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

25
Q

What is Scapular Protraction?

A

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

26
Q

What is Scapular Depression?

A

Downward motion of the scapula

27
Q

What is Scapular Elevation?

A

Upward motion of the scapula

28
Q

What is Eccentric Muscle Action?

A

An eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

29
Q

What is Concentric Muscle Action?

A

When a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle

30
Q

What is Isokinetic Muscle Action?

A

When a muscle shortens at a constant speed over the full range of motion

31
Q

What is Force?

A

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

32
Q

What is Length Tension Relationship?

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can product at this resting length

33
Q

What is Force Couple?

A

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

34
Q

What is Rotary Motion?

A

Movement of the bones around the joints

35
Q

What is Torque?

A

A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque is the newton-meter or Nm

36
Q

What is Motor Behavior?

A

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

37
Q

What is Motor Control?

A

How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response

38
Q

What is Motor Learning?

A

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements

39
Q

What is Motor Development?

A

The change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifespan

40
Q

What are Muscle Synergies?

A

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement

41
Q

What is Sensorimotor Integration?

A

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement

42
Q

What is Feedback?

A

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning

43
Q

What is Internal Feedback?

A

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

44
Q

What is External Feedback?

A

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor to supplement the internal environment