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NASM > Chapter 2 Basic Exercise Science > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Basic Exercise Science Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Human Movement System?

A

The combination of interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems

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2
Q

What is the Nervous System?

A

A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body

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3
Q

What is Sensory Function?

A

The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in the the internal or external environment

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4
Q

What is Integrative Function?

A

The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response

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5
Q

What is Motor Function?

A

The neuromuscular response to the sensory information

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6
Q

What is a Neuron?

A

The functional unit of the nervous system

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7
Q

What are Sensory AFFERENT Neurons?

A

They transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What are Interneurons?

A

Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another

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9
Q

What are Motor EFFERENT Neurons?

A

Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites

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10
Q

What is the Central Nervous System?

A

The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

What is the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body

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12
Q

What are Mechanoreceptors?

A

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

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13
Q

What are Muscle Spindles?

A

Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change

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14
Q

What are Golgi Tendon Organs?

A

Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change

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15
Q

What are Joint Receptors?

A

Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint

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16
Q

What is the Skeletal System?

A

The body’s framework, composed of bones and joints

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17
Q

What are Bones?

A

They provide a resting ground for muscles and protections of vital organs

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18
Q

What are Joints?

A

Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation

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19
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton?

A

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

20
Q

What is the Appendicular Skeleton?

A

Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

21
Q

What is Remodeling?

A

The process of resorption and formation of bone

22
Q

What are Osteoclasts?

A

A type of bone cell that removes or BREAKS DOWN bone tissue

23
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation

24
Q

What is Epiphysis?

A

The end of long bones, which is mainly composed of cancellous bone, and house much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production. They are also one of the primary sites for bone growth

25
Q

What is Diaphysis?

A

The shaft portion of a long bone

26
Q

What is the Epiphyseal Plate?

A

The region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis. It is a layer of subdividing cartilaginous cells in which growth in length of diaphysis occurs

27
Q

What is Periosteum?

A

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane

28
Q

What is the Medullar Cavity?

A

The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

29
Q

What is the Articular (Hyaline) Cartilage?

A

Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones

30
Q

What are Depressions?

A

Flattened or indented portions of bone, which can be muscle attachment sites

31
Q

What are Processes?

A

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

32
Q

What is the Vertebral Column?

A

A series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

33
Q

What is ARTHROKINEMATICS?

A

Joint Motion

34
Q

What are Synovial Joints?

A

Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body

35
Q

What are NONSynovial Joints?

A

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage

36
Q

What is a Ligament?

A

Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

37
Q

What is the Muscular System?

A

Series of muscles that moves the skeleton

38
Q

What is Epimysium?

A

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

39
Q

What is the Perimysium?

A

The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles

40
Q

What is the Endomysium?

A

The deepest layer of connective tyissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

41
Q

What are Tendons?

A

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force

42
Q

What is a Sarcomere?

A

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin

43
Q

What is Neural Activation?

A

The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

44
Q

What is a Motor Unit?

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

45
Q

What are Neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle

NASM (11 decks)

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