Chapter 4 Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is Bioenergetics?
The study of energy in the human body
What is Metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. It is the process in which nutrients are acquired, transported, used, and disposed of by the body
What is Exercise Metabolism?
The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise
What are Substrates?
The material or substance on which an enzyme acts
What are Carbohydrates?
Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. ALL Carbs are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar
What is Glucose?
A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbs, fat, and protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel
What is Glycogen?
The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbs in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells
What is Fat?
One of the 3 main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. Fats help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body. In food, there are saturated and unsaturated fats
What are Triglycerides?
The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as wells as in the body
What are Proteins?
Amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds
What is Gluconeogenesis?
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids
What is Adenosine Triphosphate?
ATP - energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body
What is Adenosine Diphosphate?
A high energy compounds occurring in all cells from which ATP is formed
What is Beta Oxidation?
The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFAs) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP
What is Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)?
The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise
