Chapter 5: Human Movement Science

Question 1

The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.

Answer 1

Biomechanics

Question 2

Positioned above a point of reference

Answer 2

Superior

Question 3

Position below a point of reference

Answer 3

Inferior

Question 4

Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference.

Answer 4

Proximal

Question 5

Positioned farthest from the center of the body, or points of reference

Answer 5

Distal

Question 6

On the front of the body.

Answer 6

Anterior (or ventral)

Question 7

On the back of the body.

Answer 7

Posterior (or dorsal)

Question 8

Positioned near the middle of the body.

Answer 8

Medial

Question 9

Positioned toward the outside of the body

Answer 9

Lateral

Question 10

Positioned on the opposite side of the body

Answer 10

Contralateral

Question 11

Positioned on the same side of the body

Answer 11

Ipsilateral

Question 12

The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palm forward. The anatomic position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomic nomenclature.Anatomic terms such as anterior and posterior, medial and lateral, and abduction and adduction apply to the body when it is in the anatomic position.

Answer 12

Anatomic position

Question 13

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into left and right halves

Answer 13

Sagittal plane

Question 14

A bending movements in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.

Answer 14

Flexion

Question 15

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

Answer 15

extension

Question 16

Extension of a jointed beyond the normal limits or range of motion

Answer 16

Hyperextension

Question 17

Imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back Avenues

Answer 17

Frontal plane

Question 18

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Answer 18

Abduction

Question 19

Movements in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Answer 19

Adduction

Question 20

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top and bottom halves

Answer 20

Transverse plane

Question 21

Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body

Answer 21

Internal rotation

Question 22

Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body

Answer 22

External rotation

Question 23

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position

Answer 23

Horizontal abduction

Question 24

Movement of the Arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position

Answer 24

Horizontal adduction

Question 25

Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline

Answer 25

Scapular retraction

Question 26

Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline

Answer 26

Scapular protraction

Question 27

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula

Answer 27

Scapular depression

Question 28

Upward (superior) motion of the scapula

Answer 28

Scapular elevation

Question 29

And eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening

Answer 29

Eccentric muscle action

Question 30

When a muscle is Exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the Muscle

Answer 30

Concentric muscle action

Question 31

When a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it leading to no visible change in the muscle length

Answer 31

Isometric muscle action

Question 32

When a muscle shortens as a constant speed over the full range of motion

Answer 32

Isokinetic muscle action

Question 33

An influence applied by one object to another, which results in the acceleration or deceleration of the second object

Answer 33

Force

Question 34

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Answer 34

Length tension relationship

Question 35

Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint

Answer 35

Force couple

Question 36

Movement of the bones around the joints

Answer 36

Rotary motion

Question 37

A force that produces rotation. Common unit of torque the newton-meter or Nm

Answer 37

Torque

Question 38

Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Answer 38

Motor behavior

Question 39

How The central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a Motor response

Answer 39

Motor control

Question 40

Integration of motor control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements

Answer 40

Motor learning

Question 41

The change in Motor skill behavior over time throughout the Lifespan

Answer 41

Motor development

Question 42

Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement

Answer 42

Muscle synergies

Question 43

The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movements

Answer 43

Proprioception

Question 44

The cooperation of the nervous and muscular system in gathering and interpreting information and executing movement

Answer 44

Sensorimotor integration

Question 45

The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning

Answer 45

Feedback

Question 46

The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment

Answer 46

Internal feedback

Question 47

Information provided by some external source, such as a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement to the internal environment.

Answer 47

External feedback